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Table 9 Indications for serum 25(OH)D evaluation during pregnancy (modified from [511])

From: Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians

• Non-Caucasian ethnicity with dark skin pigmentation

• Reduced sunlight exposure (i.e. veiled women) and/or constant use of sunscreens

• Malabsorption syndromes

• Chronic therapies affecting vitamin D metabolism

• Obesity

• Risk of pre-eclampsia

• Alcohol abuse

• Bone pain

• Hypocalcemia

• A previous child with rickets

• Pregnant adolescents

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Italian Journal of Pediatrics

ISSN: 1824-7288

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