Table 4 Model of binary logistic regression of worsening child’s WBS
From: Exploring changes in children’s well-being due to COVID-19 restrictions: the Italian EpaS-ISS study
Variables | Baseline level | OR | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Responder to the questionnaire: mother | father | 1.83 | 1.39–2.40 | 0.000 |
Child’s gender: female | male | 1.23 | 1.03–1.46 | 0.019 |
school closure (4–6 months) | 1–3 months | 1.55 | 1.03–2.32 | 0.034 |
school closure (7–11 months) | 1.92 | 1.28–2.88 | 0.002 | |
school closure (≥ 12 months) | 2.07 | 1.19–3.59 | 0.010 | |
stop sport (1–3 months) | no stop | 1.23 | 0.60–2.52 | 0.570 |
stop sport (4–6 months) | 1.40 | 0.70–2.78 | 0.337 | |
stop sport (7–11 months) | 1.62 | 0.81–3.24 | 0.176 | |
stop sport (≥ 12 months) | 1.97 | 0.99–3.92 | 0.053 | |
single-parent family | two-parent family | 0.87 | 0.68–1.13 | 0.300 |
at least one foreign parent | both Italians | 0.82 | 0.58–1.16 | 0.266 |
geographic area of the school (Centre) | North | 1.31 | 1.06–1.62 | 0.011 |
geographic area of the school (South) | 1.13 | 0.90–1.42 | 0.289 | |
educational level (medium) | low | 1.62 | 1.01–2.60 | 0.047 |
educational level (high) | 1.59 | 0.99–2.55 | 0.055 | |
outdoor areas (large living spaces) | none | 0.92 | 0.64–1.32 | 0.653 |
outdoor areas (small, unliveable) | 1.52 | 1.03–2.24 | 0.035 | |
children < 14 at home (two) | one | 1.15 | 0.95–1.40 | 0.154 |
children < 14 at home (three) | 1.20 | 0.88–1.64 | 0.239 | |
children < 14 at home (four or more) | 0.55 | 0.28–1.11 | 0.094 | |
parents’ financial situation (improved) | unchanged | 1.26 | 0.83–1.90 | 0.283 |
parents’ financial situation (worsened) | 1.41 | 1.16–1.70 | 0.001 |