Predictors of extubation failure in newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Predictors of extubation failure

Predictors	Alaa et al	Bahgat et al	Bhat et al	Chawla et al	Chawla et al	Chen et al	Cheng et al	Dassios et al	Devadas et al	Dimitriou et al	Dimitriou et al	Dursun et al	Gupta et al	Hathlol et al	He et al	Hermeto et al	Hilal et al	Hiremath et al
Intrinsic factors
Gestational age			X							X			X		X	X	X
Age at extubation										X			X		X
Birth weight			X						X					X
Sex
SGA					X
Maternal factors
Mode of delivery	X
PROM
Chorioamnionitis
Antenatal steroids
Diseases and adverse conditions of the newborn
Sepsis							X		X			X						X
Anemia							X		X									X
Pneumonia																		X
NEC	X
Severe RDS
Arterial hypotension
Treatment of the newborn
Inotropic use														X
≥ 2 doses of surfactant														X
Caffeine administration							X
Unsuccessful enteral feeding
Characteristics before and after extubation
Pre-extubation FiO₂					X								X		X
Pre-extubation pH					X		X						X		X
Pre-extubation PCO₂					X										X
Mechanical ventilation duration									X
Mean airway pressure						X
Inspiratory pressure						X
Post-extubation pH
Metabolic acidosis in the first 3 days of life
Peak FiO₂ in the first 24 h of age					X
Post-extubation HCO₃ < 18 mmol/L
Expiratory tidal volumes
Clinical scores and composite indicators
RSS(RSS/kg)						X						X	X
SBT(Δ τ)				X				X
Apgar score					X	X	X
TTdi			X
TTmus			X
PTIdi											X
PTImus											X
LUSS
HRV
RV
Edi
NVE
Diaphragmatic thickness and excursion		X

Predictors	Hunt et al	Kaczmarek et al	Kaczmarek et al	Kamlin et al	Kidman et al	Manley et al	Menshykov et al	Mhanna et al	Mohsen et al	Ohnstad et al	Shalish et al	Spaggiari et al	Su et al	Teixeira et al	Wang et al	Williams et al	Number of studies
Intrinsic factors																	16
Gestational age	X				X	X				X		X					11
Age at extubation	X									X						X	6
Birth weight	X													X			5
Sex										X							1
SGA																	1
Maternal factors																	4
Mode of delivery														X			2
PROM												X					1
Chorioamnionitis														X			1
Antenatal steroids							X										1
Diseases and adverse conditions of the newborn																	6
Sepsis																	4
Anemia																	3
Pneumonia																	1
NEC																	1
Severe RDS							X										1
Arterial hypotension							X										1
Treatment of the newborn																	3
Inotropic use													X				2
≥ 2 doses of surfactant																	1
Caffeine administration																	1
Unsuccessful enteral feeding													X				1
Characteristics before and after extubation																	13
Pre-extubation FiO₂	X									X							5
Pre-extubation pH																	4
Pre-extubation PCO₂						X											3
Mechanical ventilation duration														X			2
Mean airway pressure					X												2
Inspiratory pressure																	1
Post-extubation pH															X		1
Metabolic acidosis in the first 3 days of life							X										1
Peak FiO₂ in the first 24 h of age																	1
Post-extubation HCO₃ < 18 mmol/L															X		1
Expiratory tidal volumes	X																1
Clinical scores and composite indicators																	20
RSS(RSS/kg)								X					X				5
SBT(Δ τ)			X	X							X						5
Apgar score										X							4
TTdi																	1
TTmus																	1
PTIdi																	1
PTImus																	1
LUSS									X								1
HRV		X															1
RV			X														1
Edi																X	1
NVE	X																1
Diaphragmatic thickness and excursion																	1

ISSN: 1824-7288