Table 1 Pros and cons of surgical and transcatheter procedures
Categories | Transcatheter PDA Closure | Surgical PDA Closure |
|---|---|---|
Performing operator | Interventional cardiologists | Pediatric cardiac surgeons |
Expertise and technique | Pros: - Minimally invasive procedure - Completely intravascular procedure | Pros: - Technique with a longer history and follow-up - Can be performed at bedside |
Cons: - Limited availability of experienced operators - Need to transfer the patient in a dedicated catheterization laboratory | Cons: - Requires specialized training in pediatric cardiac surgery - Involves a larger incision | |
Safety | Pros: - Lower risk of infection and bleeding - Lower risk of Post ligation syndrome - Faster Pulmonary score recovery - Shorter recovery time and hospital stay - No trauma on tissues and organs surrounding the duct | Pros: - Immediate confirmation of closure |
Cons: - Risk of vascular injury, tricuspid injury and device embolization - Limited data on long-term outcomes in premature infants | Cons: - Higher risk of infection and bleeding - Long recovery time and hospital stay - Potential for scar formation and chest wall deformity - Potential vocal cord paralysis | |
Future outlook | Bedside procedure under echocardiographic and fluoroscopic monitoring |