Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of total sample and pharmacological treatment status subgroups

Age,

9.5 (2.6)

9.3 (2.6)

10.2 (2.8)

−1.213 (61)

.37

Males, n (%)

66 (85.7)

43 (87.8)

12 (85.7)

0.041 (1)

.03

Age at diagnosis

8.8 (2.6)

8.6 (2.4)

9.2 (2.9)

−0.775 (61)

.24

Months between diagnosis and pharmacotherapy ^b

8.4 (11.8)

7.4 (11.2)

11.9 (15.2)

−1.046 (17.4)

.34

Months of pharmacotherapy ^b

36.3 (28.5)

50.8 (25.3)

12.2 (14.2)

7.361 (38.61) *

1.88

ASL of residence in the same city as Scientific Institute location, n (%)

20 (26)

13 (26.5)

3 (21.4)

0.150 (1)

.05

Diagnosis, n (%)

1.552 (1)

.16

ADHD-C

71 (92.2)

44 (89.8)

14 (100)

ADHD-H

1 (1.3)

–

–

ADHD-I

5 (6.5)

5 (10.2)

0

Comorbidity, n (%)

One or more

59 (76.6)

37 (75.5)

10 (71.4)

0.096 (1)

.04

Autism

4 (5.2)

3 (6.1)

1 (7.1)

0.019 (1)

.02

Intellectual disability

16 (20.8)

8 (16.3)

4 (28.6)

1.059 (1)

.13

Learning disability

16 (20.8)

11 (22.5)

4 (28.6)

0.225 (1)

.06

Language disorder

7 (9.1)

7 (14.3)

0

2.25 (1)

.19

Emotional disorder

6 (7.8)

5 (10.2)

0

1.552 (1)

.16

Disruption and impulse control disorders

16 (20.8)

7 (14.3)

3 (21.4)

0.416 (1)

.08

Epilepsy

1 (1.3)

0

1 (7.1)

–

–

Migraine

1 (1.3)

1 (2.1)

0

–

–

Developmental coordination disorders

4 (5.2)

2 (4.1)

2 (14.3)

1.907 (1)

.17

Congenital abnormalities non specified and chromosomal abnormalities

5 (6.5)

3 (6.1)

1 (7.1)

0.019 (1)

.02

Abnormal EEG

3 (3.9)

3 (6.1)

0

0.9 (1)

.12

QI ^a

81.1 (19.9)

83.4 (20)

70.6 (20.6)

1.728 (45)

.64

Other treatment, n (%)

One or more

75 (97.4)

48 (98)

13 (92.9)

0.922 (1)

.12

Counselling

1 (1.3)

Parent training

37 (48.1)

22 (44.9)

4 (28.6)

1.198 (1)

.14

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

69 (89.6)

45 (91.8)

12 (85.7)

0.474 (1)

.09

Child training

0

–

–

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

0

–

–

Family therapy

0

–

–

Other

4 (5.2)

4 (8.2)

0

1.22 (1)

.14