Table 2 Common and rare causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding according to the age, appearing and bleeding entity
From: Gastrointestinal bleeding in children: diagnostic approach
Ill-appearing | Well-appearing | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Severe bleeding | Milder bleeding | ||
< 2 years | Intussusception Volvulus Infective colitis Rare: Necrotizing enterocolitis Hirschsprung enterocolitis Vascular malformation | Anal fissures Allergic proctocolitis Lymphoid hyperplasia Infective colitis | |
2–5 years | Intussusception Volvulus Henoch-Schönlein purpura Uremic-hemolytic syndrome | Meckel diverticulum Esophageal varices Ulcerative colitis Rare: Juvenile polyp Radiation enterocolitis Neutropenia associated colitis Vascular malformation | Infective colitis Juvenile polyp Lymphoid hyperplasia Ulcerative colitis Perianal streptococcal cellulitis Rare: Rectal prolapse/ulcer Crohn’s disease |
> 5 years | Infective colitis Ulcerative colitis Henoch-Schönlein purpura Volvulus/intussusception | Ulcerative colitis Meckel diverticulum Esophageal varices Rare: Vascular malformation | Infective colitis Ulcerative colitis Juvenile polyp Hemorrhoids NSAIDsa Rare: Rectal prolapse/ulcer Crohn’s disease |