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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: Comparison of different genetic testing modalities applied in paediatric patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

Characteristics

ALL

(n = 332)

Monogenic Disease

(n = 100)

Genetic-Testing

Negative(n = 232)

Gender(male/female)

219/113

58/42

161/71

Age at onset(months), median (IQR)

69.9 ± 50.4

68.2 ± 53.6

70.6 ± 49.1

Clinical classification

   

 Without glomerular hematuria, renal insufficiency and hypocomplementemia, n(%)

143/332(43.1)

30/100(30.0)

113/232(48.7)

 With glomerular hematuria or/and renal insufficiency or/and hypocomplementemia, n(%)

189/332(56.9)

70/100(70.0)

119/232(51.3)

Histopathological findings

   

 MCD, n(%)

85/168(50.6)

13/42(30.9)

72/126(57.1)

 FSGS, n(%)

55/168(32.7)

18/42(42.9)

37/126(29.4)

 MSPGN, n(%)

7/168(4.2)

4/42(9.5)

3/126(2.4)

 MPGN, n(%)

5/168(3.0)

1/42(2.4)

4/126(3.2)

 Others1, n(%)

16/168(9.5)

6/42(14.3)

10/126 (7.9)

 None, n(%)

164/332(49.4)

58/100(58.0)

106/232(45.7)

Length of follow-up(months), median (IQR)

25.4(10.0-47.6)

23.5(3.1–44.1)

25.8(11.6–48.8)

Renal survival rate, n(%)

308/332(92.8)

80/100(80.0)

228/232(98.3)

Treatment

   

Steroid + TAC, n(%)

214/332(64.4)

52/100(52.0)

162/232(69.8)

 Complete, n(%)

108/214(50.5)

15/52(28.8)

93/162(57.4)

 Particle, n(%)

52/214(24.3)

9/52(17.3)

43/162(26.5)

 Resistance, n(%)

50/214(23.3)

25/52(48.1)

25/162(15.4)

 Unknow, n(%)

4/214(1.9)

3/52(5.8)

1/162(0.6)

Steroid + MMF/CTX, n(%)

53/332(16.0)

13/100(13.0)

40/232(17.2)

 Complete, n(%)

12/53(22.6)

2/13(15.4)

10/40 [25]

 Particle, n(%)

13/53(24.5)

1/13(7.7)

12/40 [30]

 Resistance, n(%)

24/53(45.3)

10/13(76.9)

14/40 [35]

 Unknow, n(%)

4/53(7.6)

0/13(0)

4/40 [10]

Others2, n(%)

65/332(19.6)

35/100(35.0)

30/232(12.9)

 Complete, n(%)

2/65(3.1)

0/35(0)

2/30(6.7)

 Particle, n(%)

1/65(1.5)

0/35(0)

1/30(3.3)

 Resistance, n(%)

49/65(75.4)

33/35(94.3)

16/30(53.3)

 Unknow, n(%)

13/65 [20]

2/35(5.7)

11/30(36.7)

  1. Others1: Alport syndrome, various glomerulonephritis, Membranous nephropathy
  2. Others2: Patients treated with steroid but not with TAC, CTX, MMF
  3. Unknow: Less than 6 months of follow-up or unable to determine remission due to infrequent follow-ups within 6 months