Inter-society consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants

Table 3 Treatment of bronchiolitis

Supportive therapy
Oxygen therapy	If O₂Sat < 90-92%	AAP, 2006 [2] SIGN 2006 [19]
Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline	Safe and effective	Cochrane (Zhang) 2013 [24]
	Recommended	Morawetz, 2011 [25]
		Ralston, 2011 [26]
		Kuzik, 2007 [27]
		Mandelberg 2010 [28]
Respiratory physical therapy during acute phase of disease	Not effective	Cochrane (Roquè), 2012 [36]
Environment humidification	Insufficient evidence	Cochrane (Umoren), 2011 [35]
Pharmacological therapy
Nebulized Beta 2-agonists	Not effective (the possibility of a therapeutic trial of salbutamol is contemplated)	Cochrane (Gadomski), 2010 [37]
Nebulized Beta 2-agonists		Hartling, 2011 [38]
Nebulized adrenaline	Decreases hospitalizations in patients presenting to ER	Hartling 2011 [38]
Nebulized adrenaline	Decreases hospitalizations in patients presenting to ER	Skjerven 2013 [39]
Nebulized and systemic steroids	Not effective	Cochrane (Fernandes) 2013 [41]
		Hartling, 2011 [38]
		Blom, 2010 [40]
		Corneli, 2007 [42]
Nebulized adrenaline + systemic steroids	Further studies are necessary	Plint, 2009 [43]
Antibiotics	Only in selected cases (bacterial co-infection/pre-existing diseases)	Cochrane (Spurling) 2011 [44]
Antibiotics		Pinto, 2012 [45]
Ribavirin	Only in selected cases (severe forms/pre-existing diseases)	Cochrane (Ventre) 2010 [46]
Nebulized DNase	Not effective	Cochrane (Enriquez) 2012 [53]
Montelukast	Apparently not effective	Zedan, 2010 [47]
		Amirav 2008 [48]
		Bisgaard 2003 [49], 2008 [50]
		Proesmans, 2009 [51]
		Kim, 2010 [52]

ISSN: 1824-7288