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Table 4 SETIL study parental smoking status of controls classified according to child’s residence, and parental educational level

From: SETIL: Italian multicentric epidemiological case–control study on risk factors for childhood leukaemia, non hodgkin lymphoma and neuroblastoma: study population and prevalence of risk factors in Italy

  

Paternal smoking

Maternal smoking

 
  

Nonsmokera

Moderate smokerb

Heavy smokerc

Missing

Nonsmokerd

Moderate smokere

Heavy smokerf

Missing

Total

  

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

N

Total

 

571

55.3

188

18.2

273

26.5

12

745

71.4

265

25.4

33

3.2

1

1044

Education

Less than high school

211

45.8

80

17.3

170

36.9

2

275

67.9

115

28.4

15

3.7

0

405

 

High school

253

60.2

80

19.1

87

20.7

4

372

74.4

114

22.8

14

2.8

1

501

 

University

107

71.3

27

18.0

16

10.7

1

96

70.6

36

26.5

4

2.9

0

136

 

Missing

0

 

1

 

0

 

5

2

 

0

 

0

 

0

2

Residence

North. Italy (excl. Lombardy)

155

62.5

40

16.1

53

21.4

2

186

74.4

56

22.4

8

3.2

 

250

 

Lombardy

146

57.3

50

19.6

59

23.1

5

190

73.4

60

23.2

9

3.5

1

260

 

Central Italy

140

55.3

47

18.6

66

26.1

4

171

66.5

82

31.9

4

1.6

 

257

 

Southern Italy

130

47.1

51

18.5

95

34.4

1

198

71.5

67

24.2

12

4.3

 

277

  1. Paternal smoking is referred at child conception and maternal smoking during pregnancy.
  2. Percentages are calculated by row, on subjects with available information.
  3. aNonsmoker category includes never smokers and fathers who quitted smoking at least the year before conception.
  4. bModerate smoker category includes fathers who quitted smoking in the year of the conception and smokers of 1–10 cigarettes per day in the period of the conception.
  5. cHeavy smoker category includes fathers that smoked 11 or more cigarettes per day in the period of the conception.
  6. dNonsmoker category includes never smokers and mothers who quitted smoking at least the year before the pregnancy.
  7. eModerate smoker category includes mothers who quitted smoking in the year of the pregnancy and women that smoked 1–100 packets of cigarettes during the pregnancy.
  8. fHeavy smoker category includes mothers that smoked 101 or more packets of cigarettes during the pregnancy.