Table 2 Summary risk estimates of the association between maternal alcohol comsuption and CHD risk in offspring

Summary pooled estimate

23

1.11(0.96–1.29)

<0.001

88.8

Design

0.025

 Case-control

19

1.00(0.95–1.06)

0.260

16.0

 Cohort

4

1.35(0.93–1.97)

<0.001

94.4

Geographical region

0.447

 North America

15

1.10(0.89–1.36)

<0.001

92.1

 Europe

7

1.09(0.99–1.19)

0.449

0.0

 Australia

1

1.69(1.23–2.33)

-

-

Period of pregnancy

0.343

Pre-pregnancy or until pregnancy is known

6

0.95(0.88–1.04)

0.426

0.0

 During pregnancy

22

1.12(0.96–1.30)

<0.001

89.3

  Trimester 1

22

1.12(0.96–1.30)

<0.001

89.3

  Trimester 2

12

1.22(0.98–1.52)

<0.001

90.9

  Trimester 3

12

1.22(0.98–1.52)

<0.001

90.9

Adjusted for smoking

0.108

 Yes

4

1.27(0.86–1.87)

<0.001

94.6

 No

19

1.04(0.96–1.13)

0.042

39.0