Table 1 Causes of nephrotic syndrome

Primary Nephrotic Syndrome (95% in children 0–12 years)

 Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (80-90% in children 2–8 years)

  Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome

  Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

 Genetic nephrotic syndrome (isolated or syndromic)

  (95 -100% in children <3 months

  50 - 60% in children 4–12 months)

Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome (5% in children 0–12 years)

- Vasculitides/autoimmune diseases (SLE, Microscopic polyangiitis, Goodpasture, IgA vasculitis)

- Infections (HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV, Mycoplasma, CMV, PVB19, Treponema, Toxoplasma, malaria, parasites)

- Drugs (Tiopronin, Penicillamine, Gold Salts, Pamidronate, Interferon, Everolimus, antiretroviral and chemotherapy drugs)

- Diabetes

- Cancer (Lymphoma, Leukemia)