Table 2 Audiological risk factors

Family history of hereditary childhood sensorineural hearing loss

In-utero infection (e.g., rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, herpes) Craniofacial anomalies

Low birth weight (b1500 g or 3.3 lb)

Hyperbilirubinemia at levels requiring exchange transfusion

Bacterial meningitis

Exposure to ototoxic medications

Mechanical ventilation lasting 5 days or longer

Stigmata or other findings associated with a syndrome known to include a sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss

Apgar scores of 0–4 at 1 min or 0–6 at 5 min

Admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

Parent/caregiver concern regarding hearing, speech, language, and/or developmental delay

Head trauma associated with loss of consciousness or skull fracture

Recurrent or persistent otitis media with effusion lasting for at least 3 months