Table 6 Comparison of growth parameters between/among subgroups of important associated variables^a

PMA at birth

–

–

–

35.34 ± 0.77

35.42 ± 0.74

35.39 ± 0.75

35.34 ± 0.75

35.43 ± 0.73

35.37 ± 0.76

35.65 ± 0.65

Male, N(%)

51 (51.5)

95 (54.9)

191 (58.4)

–

–

266 (59.2)

71 (47.3)^κ

21 (70.0)

304 (55.7)

12 (52.2)

Twin, N(%)

25 (25.3)

49 (28.3)

76 (23.2)

79 (30.2)

71 (21.1)^ε

–

–

11 (36.7)

139 (25.5)

0 (0)^ƭƞ

SGA, N(%)

4 (4.0)

9 (5.2)

17 (5.2)

9 (3.4)

21 (6.2)

19 (4.2)

11 (7.3)

–

–

–

AGA, N(%)

93 (93.9)

160 (92.5)

293 (89.6)

242 (92.4)

304 (90.2)

407 (90.6)

139 (92.7)

–

–

–

LGA, N(%)

2 (2.0)

4 (2.3)

17 (5.2)

11 (4.2)

12 (3.6)

23 (5.1)

0 (0)^κ

–

–

–

Maternal age

29.72 ± 3.26

30.93 ± 4.13^*

30.72 ± 4.02^*

30.76 ± 3.95

30.50 ± 3.96

30.62 ± 4.15

30.59 ± 3.29

29.00 ± 2.48

30.59 ± 3.95^ƭ

33.35 ± 4.21^ƭƞ

Birth Length(cm)

45.59 ± 2.14

46.93 ± 1.96^*

48.09 ± 1.94^*§

47.14 ± 2.13

47.50 ± 2.22^ε

47.54 ± 2.24

46.75 ± 1.90^κ

44.55 ± 2.32

47.36 ± 2.00^ƭ

50.44 ± 1.53^ƭƞ

Birth Weight(kg)

2.29 ± 0.32

2.51 ± 0.36^*

2.78 ± 0.40^*§

2.56 ± 0.41

2.67 ± 0.42^ε

2.67 ± 0.44

2.47 ± 0.32^κ

1.95 ± 0.25

2.61 ± 0.33^ƭ

3.73 ± 0.36^ƭƞ

Birth LengthZ

0.22 ± 0.84

0.27 ± 0.78

0.26 ± 0.79

0.35 ± 0.75

0.18 ± 0.82^ε

0.32 ± 0.80

0.05 ± 0.76^κ

−0.93 ± 0.83

0.27 ± 0.72^ƭ

1.38 ± 0.58^ƭƞ

Birth WeightZ

−0.07 ± 0.78

−0.12 ± 0.82

−0.04 ± 0.88

−0.03 ± 0.84

−0.09 ± 0.85

0.03 ± 0.88

− 0.37 ± 0.67^κ

−1.73 ± 0.44

−0.07 ± 0.63^ƭ

2.19 ± 0.61^ƭƞ

PMA at visit(week)

40.00 ± 0.70

40.67 ± 0.73^*

41.19 ± 0.91^*§

40.78 ± 0.96

40.89 ± 0.92

40.86 ± 0.94

40.79 ± 0.92

40.85 ± 0.92

40.84 ± 0.94

40.81 ± 0.90

Term-corrected Length(cm)

51.54 ± 1.95

52.60 ± 2.11^*

53.51 ± 2.19^*§

52.41 ± 2.17

53.32 ± 2.23^ε

53.08 ± 2.33

52.46 ± 1.90^κ

50.41 ± 2.09

52.95 ± 2.13^ƭ

55.64 ± 1.71^ƭƞ

Term-corrected Weight (kg)

3.72 ± 0.54

3.94 ± 0.55^*

4.18 ± 0.59^*§

3.88 ± 0.58

4.15 ± 0.58^ε

4.08 ± 0.62

3.89 ± 0.49^κ

3.29 ± 0.59

4.03 ± 0.54^ƭ

5.03 ± 0.44^ƭƞ

Term-corrected LengthZ

0.27 ± 0.91

0.46 ± 0.89

0.67 ± 0.90^*§

0.54 ± 0.89

0.55 ± 0.92

0.59 ± 0.95

0.39 ± 0.78^κ

−0.62 ± 0.82

0.55 ± 0.85

1.78 ± 0.68

Term-corrected WeightZ

0.35 ± 1.03

0.47 ± 0.96

0.70 ± 0.99^*§

0.49 ± 0.96

0.65 ± 1.02

0.64 ± 1.04

0.38 ± 0.82^κ

−0.98 ± 1.02

0.59 ± 0.86^ƭ

2.34 ± 0.64^ƭƞ

ΔLengthZ

0.04 ± 0.90

0.20 ± 0.86

0.41 ± 0.75^*§

0.19 ± 0.83

0.36 ± 0.80^ε

0.27 ± 0.82

0.34 ± 0.82

0.30 ± 0.76

0.28 ± 0.82

0.40 ± 0.92

ΔWeightZ

0.42 ± 0.77

0.58 ± 0.74

0.74 ± 0.68^*§

0.52 ± 0.70

0.74 ± 0.72^ε

0.61 ± 0.75

0.75 ± 0.61^κ

0.75 ± 0.84

0.66 ± 0.71

0.15 ± 0.60^ƭƞ

Adjusted ΔLengthZ^#

0.10(−0.07, 0.27)

0.22 (0.10, 0.34)

0.38 (0.29, 0.47)^*§

0.20(0.10, 0.30)

0.35 (0.27, 0.44)^ε

0.26 (0.19, 0.34)

0.36(0.23, 0.49)

0.23(−0.06, 0.52)

0.28 (0.22, 0.35)

0.45 (0.11, 0.78)

Adjusted ΔWeightZ^#

0.55 (0.41, 0.70)

0.60 (0.50, 0.71)

0.70 (0.62, 0.78)

0.53 (0.45, 0.62)

0.73 (0.66, 0.81)^ε

0.61 (0.54, 0.67)

0.76 (0.65, 0.87)^κ

0.70 (0.45, 0.95)

0.66 (0.60, 0.72)

0.18(−0.11, 0.46)^ƭƞ