Table 1 Causes of hypophosphatemia

Insufficient inorganic phosphate delivery with food

 - Premature birth

 - Anorexia nervosa

 - Parenteral feeding with a low-phosphorus diet

 - Drug-binding phosphates

 - Alcohol addiction

An abnormal shift of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the extracellular space to the intracellular space

 - Insulin and glucose infusion

 - Refeeding syndrome

 - Hungry bones syndrome

 - Complete parenteral feeding

 - Anabolic state in patient with severe burn or trauma

 - Respiratory alkalosis

 - Tumor progression

 - Bone marrow transplant

Excessive urinary phosphate loss

 - Hypophosphatemic rickets

 - Tumor-induced rickets

 - Fanconi syndrome

 - Vitamin D deficiency

 - Glucocorticosteroid overdose tubular acidosis

 - PTH (parathormone) excess

 - Presence of PTHrP (Parathyroid hormone-related protein)