Table 3 Associated anomalies and distribution of CAKUTs, by sex
Subtype | Total (2790) | Male (1583) | Female (1096) | Male/ Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Associated anomalies | 633 | 22.69 | 322 | 20.34 | 240 | 21.90 | 1.34 |
Subtypes | |||||||
 Congenital heart defects | 248 | 8.89 | 129 | 8.15 | 97 | 8.85 | 1.33 |
 Limb defects | 56 | 2.01 | 30 | 1.90 | 17 | 1.55 | 1.76 |
 Neural tube defect | 19 | 0.68 | 7 | 0.44 | 7 | 0.64 | 1.00 |
 Hydrocephalus | 16 | 0.57 | 7 | 0.44 | 6 | 0.55 | 1.17 |
 Trisomy 21 | 6 | 0.22 | 6 | 0.38 | 0 | 0.00 | – |
 Pcromphalus | 9 | 0.32 | 7 | 0.44 | 1 | 0.09 | 7.00 |
 Diaphragmatocel | 5 | 0.18 | 3 | 0.19 | 1 | 0.09 | 3.00 |
 Cheilopalatognathus | 16 | 0.57 | 5 | 0.32 | 9 | 0.82 | 0.56 |
 Other | 368 | 13.19 | 176 | 11.12 | 141 | 12.86 | 1.25 |
Subtypes of CAKUTs | |||||||
 Hydronephrosis | 890 | 31.90 | 666 | 42.07 | 207 | 18.89 | 3.22 |
 Polycystic kidney | 533 | 19.10 | 245 | 15.48 | 258 | 23.54 | 0.95 |
 Renal agenesis | 529 | 18.96 | 241 | 15.22 | 270 | 24.64 | 0.89 |
 Renal ectopia | 121 | 4.34 | 59 | 3.73 | 61 | 5.57 | 0.97 |
 Renal duplication | 67 | 2.40 | 32 | 2.02 | 35 | 3.19 | 0.91 |
 Others | 678 | 24.30 | 349 | 22.05 | 281 | 25.64 | 1.24 |