Table 1 Standardized concentrations for STs and DPTs. IU: International Units; IM: intramuscular; PO: orally administered; IV: intravenous; SPT skin prick test; ID intradermal test; PT patch test; DPT drug provocation test
Drugs | Skin reaction | SPT | ID | PT | DPT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IR | non-IR | |||||
BETALACTAMS | Urticaria 42.2% Erythematous Rash 18.7% Maculopapular rash 8.6% Measles like rash 8.6% Not defined rash 7.8% Urticaria+ Angioedema 3.9% Angioedema 3.9% Micropapular rash 3.9% Itching 1.6% Exfoliative Dermatitis 0.8% | Urticaria 36.2% Erythematous rash 20.4% Maculopapular rash 14.4% Micropapular rash 8.1% Not defined rash 6.8% Angioedema 6.3% Urticaria+ Angioedema 5% Itching 1% Exfoliative Dermatitis 0.9% Measles like rash 0.9% | 10.000 IU | 10.000 IU | 5% | IM 600.000 IU < 27 kg IM 1.200.000 IU > 27 kg |
Benzylpenicillin | ||||||
Amoxicillin | 20 mg/mL | 20 mg/ml | 5% | PO: 25 mg/kg/dose | ||
Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid | 20 mg/mL | 20 mg/ml | 5% | PO: 25 mg/kg/dose | ||
Cephalosporins | 2 mg/mL | 2 mg/ml | 5% | Ceftriaxone IV: 80 mg/kg/dose Cefpodoxime PO: 4 mg/kg/dose | ||
MACROLIDES | Urticaria 35% Erythematous rash 30% Angioedema 10% Not defined rash 10% Urticaria+ Angioedema 5% Micropapular rash 5% | Urticaria 47% Erythematous rash 23% Micropapular rash 15% Maculopapular rash 6% Angioedema 3% Urticaria+ Angioedema 3% Itching 3% | 50 mg/mL | 0.5–0.05 mg/mL | PO: 7.5 mg/kg/dose | |
Clarithromycin | ||||||
Azithromycin | 100 mg/mL | 0.1–0.01 mg/mL | PO: 10 mg/kg/dose | |||
Trimethoprim-Sulphametoxazole | 80 mg/mL | 0.8 mg/mL | 5% | PO: 3 mg/kg/dose | ||
Ciprofloxacin | up to 2 mg/mL | up to 0.006 mg/mL | 10–25% | IV: 6 mg/kg/dose | ||
Local anesthetics | Angioedema 65% Itching 15% Urticaria 10% Urticaria+ Angioedema 5% Localized Erythematous Rash 5% | Angioedema 53.8% Erythematous Rash 23.1% Maculopapular rash 7.7% Fixed Drug Eruption 7.7% Erythematous Rash+ Angioedema 7.7% | Undiluted | 1/10 diluted | – | 1) 0.1 mL undiluted 2) 1 mL undiluted 3) 2 mL undiluted |
NSAIDs | Angioedema 32.9% Erythematous Rash 18.2% Urticaria 17.1% Itching 14.6% Urticaria+ Angioedema 13.4% Not defined rash 2.7% Maculopapular rash 1.1% | Angioedema 45.5% Urticaria 17.4% Urticaria+ Angioedema 14.5% Micropapular rash 5.4% Erythematous rash 5.4% Vesicular rash 5.4% Not defined rash 2.7% Petechiae 2.7% | – | – | – | Paracetamol PO:15 mg/kg/dose Ibuprofen PO: 10 mg/kg/dose ASA PO: 15–20 mg/kg/dose Etoricoxib PO: 60 mg/dose |