Table 1 Italian Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (modified from De Pasquale et al., 2017) [14]

1

Missing planned work due to smartphone use

2

Having a hard time concentrating in class, while doing assignments, or while working due to smartphone use

3

Feeling pain in the wrists or at the back of the neck while using a smartphone

4

Will not be able to stand not having a smartphone

5

Feeling impatient and fretful when I am not holding my smartphone

6

Having my smartphone in my mind even when I am not using it

7

I will never give up using my smartphone even when my daily life is already greatly affected by it

8

Constantly checking my smartphone so as not to miss conversations between other people on WhatsApp, Facebook or Instagram

9

Using my smartphone longer than I had intended

10

The people around me tell me that I use my smartphone too much