Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of preterm infants

 Maternal age (years)

34.14 ± 4.36

33.90 ± 5.12

0.857^*

0.134

 High, n (%)

3 (4.5)

2 (10)

 Intermediate, n (%)

52 (78.8)

16 (80)

 Low, n (%)

11 (16.7)

2 (10)

GDM (%)

7 (10.6)

0 (0)

0.193

PIH (%)

9 (13.6)

3 (15)

0.100

PPROM (%)

34 (51.5)

6 (30)

0.126

Histologic chorioamnionitis (%)

33 (50.0)

11 (55.0)

0.909

 Gestational age (weeks)

28.88 ± 2.65

27.03 ± 3.04

0.026^*

 Birth weight (g)

1202.20 ± 256.40

985.50 ± 305.62

0.008

 Cesarean section (%)

52 (78.8)

18 (90)

0.340

 Male sex (%)

35 (53)

12 (60)

0.618

 Apgar score at 1 min

3.52 ± 1.69

2.70 ± 1.42

0.034^*

 Apgar score at 5 min

6.42 ± 1.19

5.35 ± 1.42

0.001^*

 Antenatal corticosteroid (%)

47 (71.2)

16 (80.0)

0.569

 Postnatal corticosteroid (%)

14 (21.2)

4 (20.0)

1.000

 RDS (%)

57 (86.4)

20 (100)

0.109

 Culture proven sepsis (%)

31 (47.0)

14 (70)

0.126

 Hypotension (%)

4 (6.1)

2 (10)

0.620

 Severe NEC (Bell stage ≧ 3) (%)

0

3 (15)

0.011

 PDA (%)

39 (59.1)

16 (80)

0.114

 BPD moderate and severe (%)

14 (21.2)

5 (25)

0.762

 ROP (%)

30 (45.5)

10 (50)

0.377

 TPN days

32.98 ± 26.94

52.00 ± 28.58

0.003^*

 PMA at MRI (weeks)

36.91 ± 1.71

37.90 ± 2.45

0.210^*

 Weight at MRI (g)

2515.91 ± 514.12

2517.00 ± 730.57

0.368^*

 Height at MRI (cm)

45.97 ± 3.41 (n = 65)

45.93 ± 4.04

0.697^*

 Head circumference at MRI (cm)

33.18 ± 1.82

32.88 ± 1.67

0.380^*