| Students in grades 7–9 (n = 832) | Students in grades 10–12(n = 805) | t | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Withdrawal symptoms | 10.28 ± 4.971 | 10.31 ± 4.092 | −0.109 | 0.913 |
Craving behavior | 5.02 ± 2.177 | 5.03 ± 1.958 | −0.123 | 0.902 |
Physical and mental influence | 7.38 ± 3.533 | 8.41 ± 3.379 | −6.02 | 0.000** |
Total score | 22.68 ± 9.574 | 23.75 ± 8.203 | −2.415 | 0.016* |