Table 1 Descriptive statistics for overall sample and distinctly by neurodevelopmental outcome
From: Neurodevelopmental outcome of Italian preterm ELBW infants: an eleven years single center cohort
All infants (n = 176) | Normal Outcome (n = 118) | Mild Sequelae (n = 30) | Major Sequelae (n = 28) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal and Obstetric Characteristics | ||||
Maternal age, mean (sd) | 32.02 (5.44) | 31.76 (5.12) | 32.43 (5.26) | 32.65 (7.04) |
Maternal Education, yrs N (%) | ||||
≤ 5 | 3 (3.03) | 3 (4.35) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
6–8 | 31 (31.31) | 21 (30.43) | 6 (33.33) | 4 (33.33) |
9–13 | 57 (57.58) | 38 (55.07) | 12 (66.67) | 7 (58.33) |
> 13 | 8 (8.08) | 7 (10.14) | 0 (0) | 1 (8.33) |
Preeclampsia N (%) | 36 (27.69) | 24 (27.59) | 8 (34.78) | 4 (20) |
IUGR N (%) | 42 (32.31) | 30 (34.48) | 10 (43.48) | 2 (10) |
Cesarean Section, N (%) | 134 (76.14) | 92 (77.97) | 21 (70) | 21 (75) |
Assisted reproduction, N (%) | 25 (14.2) | 16 (13.56) | 3 (10) | 6 (21.43) |
Multiple pregnancy, N (%) | 35 (19.89) | 24 (20.34) | 3 (10) | 8 (28.57) |
Antenatal steroid therapy N (%) | ||||
None | 18 (10.23) | 9 (7.73) | 4 (13.33) | 5 (17.86) |
Incomplete | 134 (76.14) | 92 (77.97) | 23 (76.67) | 19 (67.86) |
Complete | 22 (12.5) | 16 (13.56) | 2 (6.67) | 4 (14.29) |
Neonatal characteristics | ||||
Gestational age, mean (sd) | 26.52 (2.23) | 26.87 (2.27) | 26.37 (2.04) | 25.18 (1.74) |
Male, N (%) | 78 (44.32) | 46 (38.98) | 15 (50) | 17 (60.71) |
Birthweight, mean (sd) | 777.45 (142.89) | 800.03 (128.14) | 762.93 (124.01) | 697.86 (188.79) |
SGA, N (%) | 45 (25.57) | 28 (23.73) | 9 (30) | 8 (28.57) |
Length, mean (sd) | 33.18 (2.83) | 33.42 (2.3) | 32.33 (1.87) | 33.12 (4.9) |
Head Circumference, mean (sd) | 23.76 (2.31) | 23.92 (1.96) | 23.5 (2.15) | 23.38 (3.53) |
Stay in NICU, days, mean (sd) | 94.49 68.25) | 88.27 (71.4) | 103.33 (36.09) | 111.21 (78.43) |
CRIB, mean (sd) | 5.19 (3.67) | 4.59 (3.33) | 5.83 (3.23) | 7.04 (4.74) |
1-min Apgar score, Median (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (4–7) | 4 (2–7) | 4 (2–6) |
5-min Apgar score, Median (IQR) | 7 (6–8) | 7 (6–8.75) | 7 (5.5–9) | 7 (5.75–8) |
Birth Weight recovery, mean (sd) | 13.73 (5) | 13.05 (5.23) | 14.28 (3.52) | 15.86 (4.84) |
Resuscitation, N (%) | 161 (91.48) | 107 (90.68) | 26 (86.67) | 28 (100) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), N (%) | 94 (53.41) | 50 (42.37) | 21 (70) | 23 (82.14) |
Postnatal Steroids, N (%) | 51 (28.98) | 26 (22.03) | 14 (46.67) | 11 (39.29) |
Surgery PDA, N (%) | 15 (8.52) | 9 (7.63) | 2 (6.67) | 4 (14.29) |
Total Parenteral Nutrition, days, mean (sd) | 20.58 (10.35) | 19.34 (8.65) | 20.27 (10.64) | 25.64 (14.25) |
ROP grade ≥ 3, N (%) | 29 (16.57) | 14 (11.97) | 6 (20) | 9 (32.14) |
NEC, N (%) | 13 (7.39) | 7 (5.93) | 2 (6.67) | 4 (14.29) |
Surgery for NEC, N (%) | 6 (3.41) | 2 (1.69) | 1 (3.33) | 3 (10.71) |
Early Sepsis, N (%) | 1 (.57) | 1 (.85) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Late Sepsis, N (%) | 58 (32.95) | 39 (33.05) | 8 (26.67) | 11 (39.29) |
Normal cUS Findings | 21 (11.93) | 19 (16.1) | 1 (3.33) | 1 (3.57) |
Mildly Abnormal cUS Findings, N (%) | 128 (72.73) | 88 (74.58) | 25 (83.33) | 15 (53.57) |
Severely abnormal cUS findings, N (%) | 27 (15.34) | 11 (9.32) | 4 (13.33) | 12 (42.86) |
Abnormal Neurological examination 40 weeks PMA, N(%) | 82 (47.4) | 41 (35.34) | 20 (68.97) | 21 (75) |