Table 4 Frequency distribution of anthropometric indices according to characteristics of mothers under study
Variables | Categories | WHZ n(%) | WAZ Underweight n(%) | HAZ Stunting n(%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wasting | Normal | Overweight | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||
College education | Yes | 12(6.5) | 159(85.5) | 15(8.1) | 12(6.5) | 174(93.5) | 12(6.5) | 174(93.5) |
No | 10(5.5) | 153(84.1) | 19(10.4) | 4(2.2) | 178(97.8) | 17(9.3) | 165(90.7) | |
p | 0.696a | 0.045a | 0.304a | |||||
Employment status | Housewife | 16(5.7) | 245(86.6) | 22(7.8) | 12(4.2) | 271(95.8) | 19(6.7) | 264(93.3) |
University/School student | 0(0.0) | 1(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(100.0) | |
government employee | 4(5.6) | 59(81.9) | 9(12.5) | 2(2.8) | 70(97.2) | 7(9.7) | 65(90.3) | |
Self-employed | 2(16.7) | 7(58.3) | 3(25.0) | 2(16.7) | 10(83.3) | 3(25.0) | 9(75.0) | |
p | 0.108b | 0.168b | 0.128b | |||||
Ethnicity | Tork | 20(7.1) | 235(83.3) | 27(9.6) | 15(5.3) | 267(94.7) | 24(8.5) | 258(91.5) |
Kord | 2 (2.6) | 68(88.3) | 7(9.1) | 0(0.0) | 77(100.0) | 4(5.2) | 73(94.8) | |
Fars | 0(0.0) | 9(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(11.1) | 8(88.9) | 1(11.1) | 8(88.9) | |
p | 0.582b | 0.060b | 0.441b | |||||
Family income sufficiency | Yes | 14(4.7) | 255(85.9) | 28(9.4) | 12(4.0) | 285(96.0) | 18(6.1) | 279(93.9) |
No | 8(11.3) | 57(80.3) | 6(8.5) | 4(5.6) | 67(94.4) | 11(15.5) | 60(84.5) | |
p | 0.124b | 0.523b | 0.008a | |||||
Gestational weight gain (kg)* | < 7 | 2(3.4) | 48(82.8) | 8(13.8) | 3(5.2) | 55(94.8) | 7(12.1) | 51(87.9) |
7–12 | 13(6.3) | 174(84.1) | 20(9.7) | 5(2.4) | 202(97.6) | 15(7.2) | 192(92.8) | |
13–16 | 1(1.7) | 55(91.7) | 4(6.7) | 2(3.3) | 58(96.7) | 4(6.7) | 56(93.3) | |
> 16 | 6(14.0) | 35(81.4) | 2(4.7) | 6(14.0) | 37(86.0) | 3(7.0) | 40(93.0) | |
p | 0.160b | 0.013b | 0.649b | |||||
Gestational age (week)* | 37> | 2(7.1) | 26(929) | 0(0.0) | 1(3.6) | 27(96.4) | 3(10.7) | 25(89.3) |
≥ 37 | 20(5.9) | 286(84.1) | 34(10.0) | 15(4.4) | 325(95.6) | 26(7.6) | 314(92.4) | |
p | 0.166b | 1b | 0.474b | |||||
Breastfeeding status* | She is breastfeeding now | 6(3.9) | 132(86.3) | 15(9.8) | 6(3.9) | 147(96.1) | 12(7.8) | 141(92.2) |
She was breastfeeding, but now has stopped breastfeeding | 9(5.4) | 144(85.7) | 15(8.9) | 7(4.2) | 161(95.8) | 13(7.7) | 155(92.3) | |
She did not breastfeed at all | 7(14.9) | 36(76.6) | 4(8.5) | 3(6.4) | 44(93.6) | 4(8.5) | 43(91.5) | |
p | 0.145b | 0.679b | 0.964b | |||||
Number of children | 1 | 18(9.6) | 151(80.7) | 18(9.6) | 12(6.4) | 175(93.6) | 17(9.1) | 170(90.9) |
2 | 4(2.9) | 121(88.3) | 12(8.8) | 4(2.9) | 133(97.1) | 7(5.1) | 130(94.9) | |
3 | 0(0.0) | 37(92.5) | 3(7.5) | 0(0.0) | 40(100.0) | 4(10.0) | 36(90.0) | |
4 | 0(0.0) | 3 (75.0) | 1(25.0) | 0(0.0) | 4 (100.0) | 1(25.0) | 3(75.0) | |
p | 0.070b | 0.245b | 0.182b | |||||
Age (Mean ± SD, yr) | 32.18 ± 5.26 | 31.31 ± 6.15 | 32.38 ± 5.68 | 32.81 ± 5.11 | 31.40 ± 6.09 | 32.72 ± 5.33 | 31.35 ± 6.11 | |
p | 0.526c | 0.363d | 0.243d | |||||
Weight (Mean ± SD, kg) | 65.86 ± 6.61 | 70.25 ± 11.67 | 70.44 ± 10.02 | 65.06 ± 7.46 | 70.23 ± 11.41 | 68.58 ± 9.24 | 70.12 ± 11.48 | |
p | 0.208c | 0.017d | 0.482d | |||||
Height (Mean ± SD, cm) | 159.86 ± 5.23 | 162.19 ± 5.20 | 162.29 ± 6.21 | 159.68 ± 4.49 | 162.17 ± 5.33 | 162.68 ± 5.84 | 162.00 ± 5.27 | |
p | 0.135c | 0.047d | 0.509d | |||||