Table 1 Children characteristics and history of the study group (n = 505)
From: Prevalence of malnutrition & anemia in preschool children; a single center study
Variable | Values |
|---|---|
Age in years; mean ± SD [min–max] | 3.8 ± 1.4 [1.02 – 7] |
Categories; N (%): Up to 5 years | 391 (77.4) |
Above 5 years | 114 (22.6) |
Gender; N (%): Male | 259 (51.3) |
Female | 246 (48.7) |
History of neonatal period and infancy | |
Physiologic jaundice; N (%): | 140 (27.7) |
Neonatal intensive care "NICU" admission; N (%): | 98 (19.4) |
Initial cause of admission: | |
- Respiratory distress | 57 (58.2) |
- Jaundice | 40 (40.8) |
- Hypoglycemia | 1 (1) |
Duration of stay in days; median (IQR) [min–max] | 5.5 (4 -10) [1 – 60] |
Oxygen administration more than 4 weeks; N (%) | 3 (0.6) |
Blood transfusion at NICU | 1 (0.2) |
Type of feeding; N (%): | |
- Exclusive Breast On demand | 337 6.7) |
- Exclusive Breast then formula | 2 (0.4) |
- Breast & formula | 75 (14.9) |
- Breast & Animal | 3 (0.6) |
- Formula | 88 (17.4) |
Exclusive breast feeding duration in months (n = 339): mean ± SD [min–max] | 5.9 ± 1.97 [1–12] |
Total duration of breast and/or bottle feeding in months; median (IQR) [min–max] | 6 (5—7) [1.5 – 24] |
Number of daily bottles (n = 168); N (%) | |
- Once or twice | 34 (20.2) |
- From two to 5 | 71 (42.3) |
- More than 5 | 63 (37.5) |
Taken all vaccination; N (%) | 491 (97.2) |
Missed vaccination; N (%) | 14 (2.8) |
- Not vaccinated at all | 4 (0.8) |
- Missed 4 months | 1 (0.2) |
- Missed 9 months | 1 (0.2) |
- Missed 18 months | 8 (1.6) |
History of pregnancy and delivery | |
Maternal infection; N (%): | |
- Undiagnosed infection | 2 (0.4) |
- Hepatitis C viral infection | 3 (0.6) |
- Herpes simplex viral infection | 1 (0.2) |
Maternal disease; N (%): | |
- Hypertension "HTN" ± preeclampsia | 16 (3.2) |
- Gestational Diabetes Millitus "DM" | 6 (1.2) |
- DM & HTN | 5 (1) |
- Hypothyroidism | 3 (0.6) |
- Renal stone | 1 (0.2) |
- Urinary tract infection "UTI" | 1 (0.2) |
Maternal treatment; N (%): | |
- Antihypertensive | 16 (3.2) |
- Insulin | 6 (1.2) |
- Insulin & anti-hypertensive | 5 (1) |
- Thyroxin | 3 (0.6) |
- Antibiotics | 2 (0.4) |
- Anticoagulant | 1 (0.2) |
Regular maternal intake of supplements (vitamins & iron); N (%): | 158 (31.3) |
Mode of delivery; N (%): | |
- Vaginal | 161 (31.9) |
- Cesarian section "CS" | 344 (68.1) |
Eventful delivery; N (%): | |
- Premature rupture membranes | 5 (1) |
- Breech presentation | 3 (0.6) |
- Blood transfusion after post-partum bleeding | 2 (0.4) |
- Difficulty due to presence of uterine tumor | 1 (0.2) |