Table 1 Studies on fatal anaphylaxis
Study | Nationality/Database | Analysis | N° subjects/Mean age | Causes of death (%) | Study period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liew et al [9] (2009) | Australia/National database | Retrospective case review based on ICD-10 codes on death certificates | 112/Not reported | Probable drugs (38), drugs (20), insect (18), food (6), undetermined (13) | 8 years (1997–2005) |
Tanno et al [14] (2012) | Brazil/Brazilian Mortality Information System | Population-based epidemiologic study using ICD codes on death certificates | 498/Not reported | Drugs (42), insect (35), unspecified (21), food (2) | 3 years (2008–2010) |
Jerschow et al [18] (2014) | USA/United States Vital Statistic Data | Population-based epidemiologic study using ICD CM diagnostic codes on death certificates | 2,458 / > 50 years (cause -reported) | Drugs (58.8), unspecified (19.3), venom (15.2), food (6.7) | 11 years (1999–2010) |
Turner et al [16] (2015) | UK /UK Office on National Statistics database | Hospital admission and fatalities caused by anaphylaxis. Data on anaphylaxis cross-checked against a prospective fatal anaphylaxis registry based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 | 480/The mean age of fatal food-induced cases ofanaphylaxis was 25 years; The mean age of fatal cases of anaphylaxis due to iatrogenic causes was 58 years; The mean age of fatal cases by sting-induced anaphylaxis was 59 years | Drugs (54.8), food (25.8), insect (19.3) | 20 years (1992–2012) |
Bilò et al [17] (2020) | Italy/National Register of Causes of Death database, managed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics | Descriptive study An analytical method was developed to identify all the ICD-10 codes related to anaphylaxis deaths, which were divided into two classes: "definite anaphylaxis deaths” and “possible anaphylaxis deaths” | 392 definite anaphylaxis deaths and 220 possible anaphylaxis deaths were recorded/ Not reported | Drugs (73.7), unspecified causes (20.7), Hymenoptera stings (5.6) | 14 years (2004–2016) |
Xu et al [19] (2014) | Canada/Data from the Ontario Coroner’s database | Retrospective case-series analysis of all causes of anaphylaxis-related deaths using data from the Ontario Coroner’s database | 92 / Mean age 46.5 years [age range 9 to 86 years] | Food (43), insect (33), drugs (17), unclear (7) | 26 years (1986–2011) |
Poussels et al [20] (2023) | France/Allergy-Vigilance® Network | Retrospective analysis | 25 / Not reported | Food (76), drugs (14), Hymenoptera (12) | 19 years (2002–2020) |