Table 1 Baseline characteristics of children according to the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders

Age(years), (median (IQR))

8.00 (4.00, 13.00)

11.00 (6.00, 15.00)

< 0.001

8.00 (4.00, 13.00)

13.00 (10.00, 15.00)

< 0.001

9.00 (4.00, 14.00)

12.00 (8.00, 15.00)

< 0.001

9.00 (4.00, 14.00)

8.00 (5.00, 13.00)

0.295

Maternal age (median (IQR))

30.00 (26.00, 34.00)

30.00 (25.00, 34.00)

< 0.001

31.00 (27.00, 34.00)

29.00 (24.00, 34.00)

< 0.001

30.00 (26.00, 34.00)

30.00 (25.00, 34.00)

< 0.001

30.00 (26.00, 34.00)

30.00 (26.00, 35.00)

0.388

Birth Weight (Ounces),(median (IQR))

118.00 (105.00, 130.00)

118.00 (103.00, 130.00)

0.13

118.00 (106.00, 130.00)

118.00 (103.00, 129.00)

< 0.001

118.00 (105.00, 130.00)

112.00 (88.00, 126.00)

< 0.001

118.00 (106.00, 130.00)

117.00 (102.00, 130.00)

< 0.001

Race, n (%)

0.001

< 0.001

0.001

< 0.001

Hispanic

64,091 (77.47)

1976 (76.56)

59,444 (77.08)

6623 (80.79)

65,427 (77.49)

640 (72.98)

60,506 (77.40)

5561 (77.87)

White, non-Hispanic

5582 (6.75)

193 (7.48)

5164 (6.70)

611 (7.45)

5689 (6.74)

86 (9.81)

5237 (6.70)

538 (7.53)

Black, non-Hispanic

768 (0.93)

18 (0.70)

725 (0.94)

61 (0.74)

774 (0.92)

12 (1.37)

702 (0.90)

84 (1.18)

Asian, non-Hispanic

4557 (5.51)

108 (4.18)

4528 (5.87)

137 (1.67)

4623 (5.48)

42 (4.79)

4407 (5.64)

258 (3.61)

American Indian or Alaska Native Non-Hispanic

560 (0.68)

18 (0.70)

541 (0.70)

37 (0.45)

570 (0.68)

8 (0.91)

534 (0.68)

44 (0.62)

Multi-Race Non-Hispanic

7175 (8.67)

268 (10.38)

6714 (8.71)

729 (8.89)

7354 (8.71)

89 (10.15)

6787 (8.68)

656 (9.19)

Gender, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Male

40,388 (48.82)

558 (21.62)

38,305 (49.67)

2641 (32.22)

40,629 (48.12)

317 (36.15)

38,609 (49.39)

2337 (32.73)

Female

42,345 (51.18)

2023 (78.38)

38,811 (50.33)

5557 (67.78)

43,808 (51.88)

560 (63.85)

39,564 (50.61)

4804 (67.27)

Concussion or Brain Injury, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

78,321 (94.67)

2396 (92.83)

73,398 (95.18)

7319 (89.28)

79,949 (94.68)

768 (87.57)

74,132 (94.83)

6585 (92.21)

Yes

4412 (5.33)

185 (7.17)

3718 (4.82)

879 (10.72)

4488 (5.32)

109 (12.43)

4041 (5.17)

556 (7.79)

Preterm birth, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

73,931 (89.36)

2147 (83.18)

69,148 (89.67)

6930 (84.53)

75,414 (89.31)

664 (75.71)

70,185 (89.78)

5893 (82.52)

Yes

8802 (10.64)

434 (16.82)

7968 (10.33)

1268 (15.47)

9023 (10.69)

213 (24.29)

7988 (10.22)

1248 (17.48)

Cerebral Palsy, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

82,528 (99.75)

2546(98.64)

76,916 (99.74)

8158 (99.51)

84,276 (99.81)

798 (90.99)

78,076 (99.88)

6998(98.00)

Yes

205 (0.25)

35 (1.36)

200 (0.26)

40 (0.49)

161 (0.19)

79 (9.01)

97 (0.12)

143 (2.00)

Down Syndrome, n (%)

< 0.001

0.064

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

82,579 (99.81)

2556 (99.03)

76,962 (99.80)

8173 (99.70)

84,382 (99.93)

753 (85.86)

78,132 (99.95)

7003 (98.07)

Yes

154 (0.19)

25 (0.97)

154 (0.20)

25 (0.30)

55 (0.07)

124 (14.14)

41 (0.05)

138 (1.93)

Other genetic or inherited condition, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

79,733 (96.37)

1920 (74.39)

74,614 (96.76)

7039 (85.86)

81,100 (96.05)

553 (63.06)

75,594 (96.70)

6059 (84.85)

Yes

3000 (3.63)

661 (25.61)

2502 (3.24)

1159 (14.14)

3337 (3.95)

324 (36.94)

2579 (3.30)

1082 (15.15)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), n (%)

NA

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

NA

NA

75,689 (98.15)

7044 (85.92)

82,251 (97.41)

482 (54.96)

77,018 (98.52)

5715 (80.03)

Yes

NA

NA

1427 (1.85)

1154 (14.08)

2186 (2.59)

395 (45.04)

1155 (1.48)

1426 (19.97)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, n (%)

< 0.001

NA

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

75,689 (91.49)

1427 (55.29)

NA

NA

76,591 (90.71)

525 (59.86)

71,655 (91.66)

5461 (76.47)

Yes

7044 (8.51)

1154 (44.71)

NA

NA

7846 (9.29)

352 (40.14)

6518 (8.34)

1680 (23.53)

Intellectual Disability

< 0.001

< 0.001

NA

< 0.001

No

82,251 (99.42)

2186 (84.70)

76,591 (99.32)

7846 (95.71)

NA

NA

77,988 (99.76)

6449 (90.31)

Yes

482 (0.58)

395 (15.30)

525 (0.68)

352 (4.29)

NA

NA

185 (0.24)

692 (9.69)

Speech or language disorder, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

NA

No

77,018 (93.09)

1155 (44.75)

71,655 (92.92)

6518 (79.51)

77,988 (92.36)

185 (21.09)

NA

NA

Yes

5715 (6.91)

1426 (55.25)

5461 (7.08)

1680 (20.49)

6449 (7.64)

692 (78.91)

NA

NA

Congenital Heart Condition, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

80,889 (97.77)

2448 (94.85)

75,454 (97.84)

7883 (96.16)

82,599 (97.82)

738 (84.15)

76,617 (98.01)

6720 (94.10)

Yes

1844 (2.23)

133 (5.15)

1662 (2.16)

315 (3.84)

1838 (2.18)

139 (15.85)

1556 (1.99)

421 (5.90)

Heart Condition Currently, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Does not have condition

80,659 (97.49)

2435 (94.34)

75,251 (97.58)

7843 (95.67)

82,363 (97.54)

731 (83.35)

76,404 (97.74)

6690 (93.68)

Ever, but not currently

1123 (1.36)

90 (3.49)

1012 (1.31)

201 (2.45)

1127 (1.33)

86 (9.81)

964 (1.23)

249 (3.49)

Currently has condition

951 (1.15)

56 (2.17)

853 (1.11)

154 (1.88)

947 (1.12)

60 (6.84)

805 (1.03)

202 (2.83)

Severity of Current Heart Condition, n (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Does not currently have condition

81,610 (98.64)

2491 (96.51)

76,104 (98.69)

7997 (97.55)

83,310 (98.67)

791 (90.19)

77,209 (98.77)

6892 (96.51)

Mild

904 (1.09)

65 (2.52)

819 (1.06)

150 (1.83)

914 (1.08)

55 (6.27)

791 (1.01)

178 (2.49)

Moderate

166 (0.20)

20 (0.77)

142 (0.18)

44 (0.54)

160 (0.19)

26 (2.96)

135 (0.17)

51 (0.71)

Severe

53 (0.06)

5 (0.19)

51 (0.07)

7 (0.09)

53 (0.06)

5 (0.57)

38 (0.05)

20 (0.28)