Table 2 The association between congenital heart condition and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in multivariable regression analyses and propensity score matching
Variable | Autism spectrum disorder | Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | Intellectual disability | Speech or language disorder | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multivariable regression analyses | ||||||||||||
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |||||
Congenital Heart Condition | ||||||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
Yes | 0.95(0.26–1.64) | 0.88 | 1.01(0.62–1.4) | 0.96 | 1.62(0.56–2.68) | 0.37 | 1.61(1.14–2.08) | 0.04 | ||||
Heart Condition Currently | ||||||||||||
Does not have condition | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
Ever, but not currently | 0.81(-0.5-2.12) | 0.76 | 0.64(-0.36-1.64) | 0.38 | 0.98(-0.69-2.65) | 0.99 | 2.45(1.65–3.25) | 0.03 | ||||
Currently has condition | 0.94(0.23–1.65) | 0.87 | 1.22(0.83–1.61) | 0.32 | 0.75(-0.35-1.85) | 0.6 | 1.18(0.71–1.65) | 0.49 | ||||
Severity of Current Heart Condition | ||||||||||||
Does not currently have condition | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
Mild | 1.38(0.2–2.56) | 0.59 | 1.92(0.98–2.86) | 0.17 | 1.02(-0.33- 2.37) | 0.98 | 0.4(-0.27- 1.07) | 0.01 | ||||
Moderate | 1.41(0.14–2.68) | 0.6 | 2.4(1.4–3.4) | 0.08 | 1.71(0.24–3.18) | 0.47 | 0.4(-0.36- 1.16) | 0.02 | ||||
Severe | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
Propensity score matching | ||||||||||||
No (N = 2510) | Yes (N = 2510) | P value | No (N = 8063) | Yes (N = 8063) | P value | No (N = 780) | Yes (N = 780) | P value | No (N = 6492) | Yes (N = 6492) | P value | |
Congenital Heart Condition, n (%) | ||||||||||||
No | 2374 (94.6) | 2387 (95.1) | 0.444 | 7826 (97.1) | 7757 (96.2) | 0.003 | 717 (91.9) | 686 (87.9) | 0.012 | 6296 (97.0) | 6177 (95.1) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 136 (5.4) | 123 (4.9) | 237 (2.9) | 306 (3.8) | 63 (8.1) | 94 (12.1) | 196 (3.0) | 315 ( 4.9) | ||||
Heart Condition Currently, n (%) | ||||||||||||
Does not have condition | 2365 (94.2) | 2375 (94.6) | 0.698 | 7803 (96.8) | 7718 (95.7) | 0.002 | 711 (91.2) | 680 (87.2) | 0.033 | 6273 (96.6) | 6153 (94.8) | < 0.001 |
Ever, but not currently | 82 (3.3) | 81 (3.2) | 152 (1.9) | 196 (2.4) | 42 ( 5.4) | 66 (8.5) | 126 (1.9) | 188 (2.9) | ||||
Currently has condition | 63 (2.5) | 54 (2.2) | 108 (1.3) | 149 (1.8) | 27 (3.5) | 34 (4.4) | 93 (1.4) | 151 (2.3) | ||||
Severity of Current Heart Condition, n (%) | ||||||||||||
Does not currently have condition | 2428 (96.7) | 2429 (96.8) | < 0.001 | 7911 (98.1) | 7867 (97.6) | < 0.001 | 738 (94.6) | 714 (91.5) | 0.033 | 6366 (98.1) | 6304 (97.1) | 0.001 |
Mild | 59 (2.4) | 58 (2.3) | 113 (1.4) | 145 (1.8) | 30 (3.8) | 42 (5.4) | 99 (1.5) | 136 (2.1) | ||||
Moderate | 18 (0.7) | 19 (0.8) | 26 (0.3) | 44 (0.5) | 7 (0.9) | 20 (2.6) | 23 (0.4) | 36 (0.6) | ||||
Severe | 5 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 13 (0.2) | 7 ( 0.1) | 5 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (0.1) | 16 (0.2) | ||||