Characteristics | Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (1 March 2019–31 August 2019) | During the COVID-19 pandemic (1 March 2020–31 August 2020) | P valuea |
---|---|---|---|
Number of cases, n(%) | 825(100.0) | 213(100.0) | Â |
Age, median(IQR), m | 53(26.0–84.0) | 26(9.0–52.0) | 0.000* |
Gender, n(%) | Â | Â | 0.240 |
 Male | 451(54.7) | 126(59.2) |  |
 Female | 374(45.3) | 87(40.8) |  |
Hospital stay, median(IQR), d | 6(5.0–8.0) | 7(5.0–10.0) | 0.000* |
Season of hospitalization, n(%) | Â | Â | 0.173 |
 Spring(Mar.-May.) | 376(45.6) | 86(40.4) |  |
 Summer(Jun.-Aug.) | 449(54.4) | 127(59.6) |  |
Severity, n(%) | Â | Â | 0.242 |
 Mild | 782(94.8) | 206(96.7) |  |
 Severe | 43(5.2) | 7(3.3) |  |
Bacterial infections, n(%) | 52(6.3) | 21(9.9) | 0.070 |
 Moraxella catarrhalis | 4(0.5) | 2(0.9) |  |
 Haemophilus influenzae | 21(2.5) | 2(0.9) |  |
 Streptococcus pneumoniae | 11(1.3) | 4(1.9) |  |
 Staphylococcus | 11(1.3) | 5(2.3) |  |
 Acinetobacter baumannii | 3(0.4) | 1(0.5) |  |
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2(0.2) | 3(1.4) |  |
 Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0(0.0) | 3(1.4) |  |
 Enterobacter cloacae | 0(0.0) | 1(0.5) |  |
Viral infections, n(%) | 143(17.3) | 15(7.0) | 0.000* |
 RSV | 5(0.6) | 0(0.0) |  |
 ADV | 34(4.1) | 2(0.9) |  |
 IV | 55(6.7) | 4(1.9) |  |
 PIV | 37(4.5) | 2(0.9) |  |
 Coxsackie virus | 12(1.5) | 7(3.3) |  |
Mp infection, n(%) | 470(57.0) | 83(39.0) | 0.000* |
Mixed infections, n(%) | 134(16.2) | 15(7.0) | 0.001* |
 Bacteria + Bacteria | 3(0.4) | 1(0.5) |  |
 Bacteria + Mp | 17(2.1) | 2(0.9) |  |
 Bacteria + Viruses | 3(0.4) | 0(0.0) |  |
 Bacteria + Mp + Viruses | 5(0.6) | 2(0.9) |  |
 Viruses + Mp | 106(12.8) | 9(4.2) |  |
 Viruses + Viruses | 0(0.0) | 1(0.5) |  |
Serum sIgE(IU/ml), n(%) | Â | Â | Â |
 House dust mite |  |  | 0.000* |
  < 0.35 | 613(74.3) | 86(40.4) |  |
  ≥ 0.35 | 109(13.2) | 38(17.8) |  |
 Milk |  |  | 0.105 |
  < 0.35 | 571(69.2) | 90(42.3) |  |
  ≥ 0.35 | 151(18.3) | 34(16.0) |  |
 Egg white |  |  | 0.192 |
  < 0.35 | 646(78.3) | 106(49.8) |  |
  ≥ 0.35 | 76(9.2) | 18(8.5) |  |
 Shrimp |  |  | 0.000* |
  < 0.35 | 713(86.4) | 115(54.0) |  |
  ≥ 0.35 | 9(1.1) | 9(4.2) |  |
 Crab |  |  | 0.000* |
  < 0.35 | 715(86.7) | 115(54.0) |  |
  ≥ 0.35 | 7(0.8) | 9(4.2) |  |
Micronutrient levels | Â | Â | Â |
 Vitamin A(umol/l) |  |  | 0.137 |
  < 0.52 | 13(1.6) | 4(1.9) |  |
  0.52–2.2 | 466(56.5) | 49(23.0) |  |
 Vitamin B1(nmol/l ) |  |  | 0.939 |
  < 50 | 21(2.5) | 3(1.4) |  |
  50–150 | 458(55.5) | 50(23.5) |  |
 Vitamin B2(ug/l) |  |  | 0.044* |
  < 200 | 25(3.0) | 7(3.3) |  |
  ≥ 200 | 454(55.0) | 46(21.6) |  |
 Vitamin B6(umol/l) |  |  | 0.000* |
  < 14.6 | 1(0.1) | 4(1.9) |  |
  14.6–72.9 | 478(57.9) | 49(23.0) |  |
 Vitamin C(umol/l) |  |  | 0.000* |
  < 34 | 48(5.8) | 17(8.0) |  |
  34–114 | 431(52.2) | 36(16.9) |  |
 Serum 25(OH)D(nmol/l) |  |  | 0.000* |
  < 50 | 0(0.0) | 9(4.2) |  |
  ≥ 50 | 478(57.9) | 44(20.7) |  |
 Zn(umol/l) |  |  | 0.756 |
  < 9.2 | 86(10.4) | 10(4.7) |  |
  9.2–22.9 | 348(42.2) | 36(16.9) |  |
 Ca(mmol/l) |  |  | 0.100 |
  < 2.0 | 30(3.6) | 0(0.0) |  |
  2.0-2.74 | 404(49.0) | 46(21.6) |  |