Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:727–33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L, Ferruzzi A, Heo M, Faith M, Zoller T, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28:1382–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22861.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bruni O, Malorgio E, Doria M, Finotti E, Spruyt K, Melegari MG, et al. Changes in sleep patterns and disturbances in children and adolescents in Italy during the Covid-19 outbreak. Sleep Med. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.003.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stagi S, De Masi S, Bencini E, Losi S, Paci S, Parpagnoli M, et al. Increased incidence of precocious and accelerated puberty in females during and after the Italian lockdown for the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Ital J Pediatr. 2020;46:165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00931-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Verzani M, Bizzarri C, Chioma L, Bottaro G, Pedicelli S, Cappa M. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on early onset of puberty: experience of an Italian tertiary center". Ital J Pediatr. 2021;47:52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01015-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cheuiche AV, da Silveira LG, de Paula LCP, Lucena IRS, Silveiro SP. Diagnosis and management of precocious sexual maturation: an updated review. Eur J Pediatr. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04022-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Molina-Carballo A, Muñoz-Hoyos A, Martin-García JA, Uberos-Fernández J, Rodriguez-Cabezas T, Acuña-Castroviejo D. 5-Methoxytryptophol and melatonin in children: differences due to age and sex. J Pineal Res. 1996;21:73–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079x.1996.tb00273.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Waldhauser F, Steger H. Changes in melatonin secretion with age and pubescence. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1986;21:183–97.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gupta D. The pineal gland in relation to growth and development in children. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1986;21:217–32.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Molina-Carballo A, Fernández-Tardáguila E, Uberos-Fernández J, Seiquer I, Contreras-Chova F, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Longitudinal study of the simultaneous secretion of melatonin and leptin during normal puberty. Horm Res. 2007;68:11–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000098545.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bangalore Krishna K, Fuqua JS, Rogol AD, Klein KO, Popovic J, Houk CP, et al. Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium. Horm Res Paediatr. 2019;91(6):357–72. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501336.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neely EK, Wilson DM, Lee PA, Stene M, Hintz RL. Spontaneous serum gonadotropin concentrations in the evaluation of precocious puberty. J Pediatr. 1995;127(1):47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(95)70255-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cole TJ. Sample size and sample composition for constructing growth reference centiles. Stat Methods Med Res. 2021;30:488–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280220958438.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty. Arch Dis Child. 1976;51:170–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.51.3.170.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bruni O, Ottaviano S, Guidetti V, Romoli M, Innocenzi M, Cortesi F, et al. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. J Sleep Res. 1996;5:251–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1996.00251.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dondi A, Fetta A, Lenzi J, Morigi F, Candela E, Rocca A, et al. Sleep disorders reveal distress among children and adolescents during the Covid-19 first wave: results of a large web-based Italian survey. Ital J Pediatr. 2021;47:130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01083-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lecuelle F, Leslie W, Huguelet S, Franco P, Putois B. Did the COVID-19 lockdown really have no impact on young children’s sleep? J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16:2121. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8806.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dellagiulia A, Lionetti F, Fasolo M, Verderame C, Sperati A, Alessandri G. Early impact of COVID-19 lockdown on children’s sleep: a 4-week longitudinal study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16:1639–40. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8648.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fidancı İ, Aksoy H, Yengil Taci D, Fidancı İ, Ayhan Başer D, Cankurtaran M. Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep disorders and nutrition in children. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75: e14170. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14170.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hagenauer MH, Ku JH, Lee TM. Chronotype changes during puberty depend on gonadal hormones in the slow-developing rodent. Octodon degus Horm Behav. 2011;60:37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.02.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hagenauer MH, King AF, Possidente B, McGinnis MY, Lumia AR, Peckham EM, et al. Changes in circadian rhythms during puberty in Rattus norvegicus: developmental time course and gonadal dependency. Horm Behav. 2011;60:46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.03.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jessen E, Vetter C, Roenneberg T, Liesenkötter K-P, Werner H, Jenni OG, et al. Sleep Timing in Patients with Precocious and Delayed Pubertal Development. Clocks & Sleep. 2019;1:140–50. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep1010013.
Article
Google Scholar
McHill AW, Klerman EB, Slater B, Kangarloo T, Mankowski PW, Shaw ND. The relationship between estrogen and the decline in delta power during adolescence. Sleep. 2017;40:zsx008. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx008.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brzezinski A. Melatonin in humans. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:186–95. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199701163360306.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
de Holanda FS, Tufik S, Bignotto M, Maganhin CG, Vieira LHL, Baracat EC, et al. Evaluation of melatonin on the precocious puberty: a pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011;27:519–23. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2010.501888.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hernández C, Abreu J, Abreu P, Castro A, Jiménez A. Nocturnal melatonin plasma levels in patients with OSAS: the effect of CPAP. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:496–500. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00051906.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barnaś M, Maskey-Warzęchowska M, Bielicki P, Kumor M, Chazan R. Diurnal and nocturnal serum melatonin concentrations after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2017;127:589–96. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.4062.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wyatt JK. Delayed sleep phase syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment options. Sleep. 2004;27:1195–203. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.6.1195.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Courant F, Aksglaede L, Antignac J-P, Monteau F, Sorensen K, Andersson A-M, et al. Assessment of circulating sex steroid levels in prepubertal and pubertal boys and girls by a novel ultrasensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:82–92. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1140.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Brien LM. The neurocognitive effects of sleep disruption in children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2009;18:813–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2009.04.008.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Biggs SN, Lushington K, van den Heuvel CJ, Martin AJ, Kennedy JD. Inconsistent sleep schedules and daytime behavioral difficulties in school-aged children. Sleep Med. 2011;12:780–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.03.017.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gregory AM, Van der Ende J, Willis TA, Verhulst FC. Parent-reported sleep problems during development and self-reported anxiety/depression, attention problems, and aggressive behavior later in life. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162:330–5. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.4.330.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hoedlmoser K, Kloesch G, Wiater A, Schabus M. Self-reported sleep patterns, sleep problems, and behavioral problems among school children aged 8–11 years. Somnologie (Berl). 2010;14:23–31.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Short MA, Blunden S, Rigney G, Matricciani L, Coussens S, M Reynolds C, et al. Cognition and objectively measured sleep duration in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Health. 2018;4:292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2018.02.004.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li S, Arguelles L, Jiang F, Chen W, Jin X, Yan C, et al. Sleep, school performance, and a school-based intervention among school-aged children: a sleep series study in China. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: e67928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067928.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gruber R, Laviolette R, Deluca P, Monson E, Cornish K, Carrier J. Short sleep duration is associated with poor performance on IQ measures in healthy school-age children. Sleep Med. 2010;11:289–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2009.09.007.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar