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  1. Content type: Review

    Deleterious consequences of the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with invasive ventilation have led to more in-depth investigation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) modalities. NIV has signifi...

    Authors: Dhivya Lakshmi Permall, Asfia Banu Pasha and Xiao-qing Chen

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:105

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  2. Content type: Research

    Vaccination represents one of the most effective means of preventing infections for the population and for the public health in general. Recently there has been a decline in vaccinations, also among healthcare...

    Authors: Carlotta Tomboloni, Chiara Tersigni, Maurizio de Martino, Donata Dini, José Rafael González-López, Filippo Festini, Stella Neri and Daniele Ciofi

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:104

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  3. Content type: Research

    Acute otitis media (AOM) and pharyngitis are very common infections in children and adolescents. Italy is one of the European countries with the highest rate of antibiotic prescriptions. The aim of this study ...

    Authors: E. Barbieri, D. Donà, A. Cantarutti, R. Lundin, A. Scamarcia, G. Corrao, L. Cantarutti and C. Giaquinto

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:103

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  4. Content type: Research

    The therapeutic strategy for children with cow’s milk allergy (CMA) consists in the elimination of cow’s milk (CM) from their diet. Donkey’s milk (DM) has been reported to be an adequate alternative, mainly to...

    Authors: Lucrezia Sarti, Mina Martini, Giovanni Brajon, Simona Barni, Federica Salari, Iolanda Altomonte, Giuseppe Ragona, Francesca Mori, Neri Pucci, Giada Muscas, Fina Belli, Franco Corrias and Elio Novembre

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:102

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  5. Content type: Review

    The aim of this guidance is to provide recommendations to clinicians and other interested parties on chronic urticaria in children. The Italian Society for Pediatrics (SIP), the Italian Society for Allergy and...

    Authors: Carlo Caffarelli, Francesco Paravati, Maya El Hachem, Marzia Duse, Marcello Bergamini, Giovanni Simeone, Massimo Barbagallo, Roberto Bernardini, Paolo Bottau, Filomena Bugliaro, Silvia Caimmi, Fernanda Chiera, Giuseppe Crisafulli, Cristiana De Ranieri, Dora Di Mauro, Andrea Diociaiuti…

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:101

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  6. Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Children with chromosome translocations, concerning X chromosome, have a genetic pattern different from Turner syndrome; however, when a translocation involves the of part of X chromosome including short statu...

    Authors: Maria Cristina Maggio and Giovanni Corsello

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:100

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  7. Content type: Research

    To investigate the relationship between symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergic rhinitis (AR) in AR children of different genders and ages.

    Authors: Keyang Chen, Xiuxiu Zheng, Ziyue Li, Haijie Xiang, Bobei Chen and Hui Zhang

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:99

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  8. Content type: Research

    Low-type anorectal malformations (ARMs) are considered benign; however, in China, data regarding such conditions are limited. Thus, this study aimed to assess the middle-term bowel functions and quality of lif...

    Authors: Haiqing Zheng, Guangjian Liu, Zijian Liang, Yunpei Chen, Zhe Wen, Jiakang Yu, Xiaogang Xu, Huiying Liang and Yong Wang

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:98

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  9. Content type: Research

    This article describes the detailed project aimed to realize a dedicated ground ambulance for neonatal emergency transport service (NETS). To date, the European Community rules specify requirements for the des...

    Authors: Carlo Bellini, Martina de Biasi, Maurizio Gente, Luca A. Ramenghi, Roberto Aufieri, Diego Minghetti, Silvia Pericu, Martina Cavalieri and Niccolò Casiddu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:97

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  10. Content type: Commentary

    Thyroid cancer (TC) in childhood is a rare disease characterized by an excellent prognosis. Thyroid nodules in children, although less common than in adults, have a greater risk of malignancies, particularly i...

    Authors: Giuseppina Zirilli, Giuseppina Salzano, Domenico Corica, Giovanni Battista Pajno, Cristina Mignosa, Giorgia Pepe, Filippo De Luca and Giuseppe Crisafulli

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:96

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  11. Content type: Research

    Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse of presumably healthy neonates during early skin-to-skin contact is a rare, yet recognized occurrence, associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. A survey was ...

    Authors: Michelangelo Barbaglia, Enrico Finale, Silvia Noce, Alessandro Vigo, Cesare Arioni, Raffaella Visentin, Elisabetta Scurati-Manzoni and Andrea Guala

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:95

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  12. Content type: Research

    Enteroviruses (EVs) are an important cause of illness, especially in neonates and young infants. Clinical and laboratory findings at different ages, brain imaging, and outcomes have been inadequately investiga...

    Authors: Alberto Berardi, Marcello Sandoni, Carlotta Toffoli, Alessandra Boncompagni, William Gennari, Maria Barbara Bergamini, Laura Lucaccioni and Lorenzo Iughetti

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:94

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  13. Content type: Case report

    The treatment with recombinant human growth hormone in patients affected by Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) is considered whenever a concurrent diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency is demonstrated. The short- an...

    Authors: A. Cattoni, S. Motta, N. Masera, S. Gasperini, A. Rovelli and R. Parini

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:93

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  14. Content type: Research

    Aim of the study is to intercept specific characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity in Down Syndrome (DS). The study describes the distribution and the age of specific aspects of behavioral phenotype in a sa...

    Authors: M. Marino, I. Scala, O. Scicolone, P. Strisciuglio and C. Bravaccio

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:92

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  15. Content type: Case report

    Brodie’s abscess is a form of chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis that usually affects the cancellous part of the long bones in children. Its treatment is represented by antibiotic therapy alone or in association w...

    Authors: Andrea Cossio, Jole Graci, Antonino Salvatore Lombardo, Marco Turati, Maria Luisa Melzi, Marco Bigoni and Giovanni Zatti

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:91

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  16. Content type: Research

    Long-term mechanical ventilation (LTV) with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) prolongs survival in patients with Neuromuscular Diseases (NMDs). Transition from paediatric to adult healthcare system is an underval...

    Authors: Alessandro Onofri, Hui-Leng Tan, Claudio Cherchi, Martino Pavone, Elisabetta Verrillo, Nicola Ullmann, Maria Beatrice Chiarini Testa and Renato Cutrera

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:90

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  17. Content type: Debate

    The definition of the eligibility criteria of newborn, infant, child, or adolescent patients for palliative care (PC) is complicated by the fact that these patients generally present with very specific case hi...

    Authors: Momcilo Jankovic, Lucia De Zen, Federico Pellegatta, Pierina Lazzarin, Marina Bertolotti, Luca Manfredini, Antonino Aprea, Luigi Memo, Antonio Del Vecchio, Rino Agostiniani and Franca Benini

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:89

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  18. Content type: Case report

    Acute otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases in the paediatric age and although its complications such as acute mastoiditis have become rare thanks to improvements in therapeutic approaches...

    Authors: Massimo Luca Castellazzi, Laura Senatore, Giada Di Pietro, Raffaella Pinzani, Sara Torretta, Ilaria Coro, Antonio Russillo, Irene Borzani, Samantha Bosis and Paola Marchisio

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:88

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  19. Content type: Research

    The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth status and to identify the risk factors that influence the catch-up growth of preterm infants after discharge and to provide evidence for feeding strategies ...

    Authors: Xiaomei Liu, Biru Luo, Wentao Peng, Fei Xiong, Fan Yang and Jinhui Wu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:87

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  20. Content type: Research

    Survival of newborns and long term complications are highly correlated with birth weight. The low birth weight rate is an indicator of a public health problem that includes long-term maternal malnutrition, ill...

    Authors: Maru Mekie and Wubet Taklual

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:86

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  21. Content type: Case report

    Turner syndrome (45,X), accounts for 1–2% of conceptions which typically miscarry early in the first trimester. Cases detected prenatally often present with cystic hygroma, which is an ultrasound marker for an...

    Authors: Hai-Ying Chen, Jian-Qiong Zheng and Hong-Ping Zhang

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:85

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  22. Content type: Research

    Lertal®, an oral nutraceutical, contains extract of Perilla, quercetin, and Vitamin D3. The current polycentric, randomized, parallel-group, controlled study aimed in the Phase II to evaluate the efficacy and ...

    Authors: Gianluigi Marseglia, Amelia Licari, Salvatore Leonardi, Maria Papale, Anna Maria Zicari, Laura Schiavi and Giorgio Ciprandi

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:84

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  24. Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Lung function impairment is common in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) survivors. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in children who underwent CDH surgical repair, mid and long-term consequences on re...

    Authors: Giuliana Ferrante, Giovanna Cilluffo, Maria Rita Di Pace, Giovanni Corsello, Enrico Lombardi, Raffaele L. Dellacà, Velia Malizia and Stefania La Grutta

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:82

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  26. Content type: Research

    Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is associated withpoor prognosis and may lead to permanent paralysis, sensory loss, and sphincter dysfunction. Very limited data are available on incidence and etiology...

    Authors: Lucia De Martino, Piero Spennato, Simona Vetrella, Maria Capasso, Carolina Porfito, Serena Ruotolo, Massimo Eraldo Abate, Giuseppe Cinalli and Lucia Quaglietta

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:80

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  27. Content type: Case report

    Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare congenital overgrowth disorder. A major feature is lateralized overgrowth, which can variably involve a single body district up to the entire hemisome. Visceral asym...

    Authors: Maria Chiara Pellegrin, Alessandro Mauro Spinelli, Gianluca Tornese and Egidio Barbi

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:79

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  28. Content type: Review

    Diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) for acute appendicitis (AA) has been evaluated in adult patients, but the application in children remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagno...

    Authors: Wei Cui, Haipeng Liu, Hong Ni, Xianhui Qin and Liran Zhu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:78

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  29. Content type: Review

    Under nutrition is linked with poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) condition. However, there is conflicting evidence on the effect of WASH on nutritional status of children. This review was, therefore, c...

    Authors: Zemichael Gizaw and Alemayehu Worku

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:77

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  30. Content type: Commentary

    Violence against children includes all forms of violence against people under 18 years old whether perpetrated by parents or other caregivers, peers, partners, teacher or strangers. This is a public health, hu...

    Authors: Pietro Ferrara, Giulia Franceschini, Alberto Villani and Giovanni Corsello

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:76

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  31. Content type: Research

    During recent years, interest on Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) in pediatric age has increased, due to the impact on quality of life, psycho-physical attitude and other serious morbidities if undiagnosed and...

    Authors: L. Nosetti, M. G. Paglietti, L. Brunetti, L. Masini, S. La Grutta, G. Cilluffo, M. Zaffanello, E. Verrillo, M. Pavone, A. C. Niespolo, G. Broggi and R. Cutrera

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:75

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  32. Content type: Case report

    The purpose of this report was to present the results of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy associated with parent management training (PMT) in a child with paediatric autoimmune neur...

    Authors: Cristiana A. Guido, Anna Maria Zicari, Marzia Duse and Alberto Spalice

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:74

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  33. Content type: Case report

    Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by remitting fevers, evanescent rash, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly/splenomegaly, and/or serositis.

    Authors: Alessandra Iacono, Monica Sprocati, Anna Lisa Giuliani, Francesco Di Virgilio, Caterina Borgna-Pignatti and Giuseppe Maggiore

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:73

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  34. Content type: Research

    Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited multisystemic disorder with autosomal recessive or complex digenic triallelic inheritance. There is currently no treatment for BBS, but some morbidities can be m...

    Authors: Elena Manara, Stefano Paolacci, Fabiana D’Esposito, Andi Abeshi, Lucia Ziccardi, Benedetto Falsini, Leonardo Colombo, Giancarlo Iarossi, Alba Pilotta, Loredana Boccone, Giulia Guerri, Marica Monica, Balzarini Marta, Paolo Enrico Maltese, Luca Buzzonetti, Luca Rossetti…

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:72

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  35. Content type: Correction

    The original article contains an unintended omission of a statement of competing interests. As such, the authors would like to declare the following complete statement of competing interests:

    Authors: Maria Alice Donati, Elisabetta Pasquini, Marco Spada, Giulia Polo and Alberto Burlina

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:71

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    The original article was published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:126

  36. Content type: Research

    World Health Organization recommended timely initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery. Less than half of newborn babies (43%) receive the benefits of immediate breastfeeding in the world. ...

    Authors: Yinager Workineh and Teklemariam Gultie

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:70

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  38. Content type: Research

    Fibreoptic Phototherapy (FPT) allows to lower total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels in healthy neonates maintained in rooming-in with their mothers. The 2004 Cochrane review showed that, differently from preterm ...

    Authors: R. Luciano, G. Mancini, F. Cota, A. Romano, V. Purcaro, F. Lerro, M. Corsello and G. Vento

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:68

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  39. Content type: Research

    X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the first cause of inherited hypophosphatemia and is caused by mutation in the PHEX gene, resulting in excessive expression of the phosphaturic factor FGF23. Symptoms ar...

    Authors: F. Emma, M. Cappa, F. Antoniazzi, M. L. Bianchi, I. Chiodini, C. Eller Vainicher, N. Di Iorgi, M. Maghnie, A. Cassio, A. Balsamo, F. Baronio, L. de Sanctis, D. Tessaris, G. I. Baroncelli, S. Mora, M. L. Brandi…

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:67

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  40. Content type: Case report

    The choice of the sex of rearing in patients with ovotesticular differences of sex development (OT-DSD) is difficult. The final decision should be given by the patient himself or herself, but families’ opinion...

    Authors: Maria-Grazia Scarpa, Arianna Lesma, Massimo Di Grazia and Waifro Rigamonti

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:66

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  41. Content type: Research

    Bullying is one of the most common expressions of violence in the peer context during school years. This study investigates the prevalence of bullying and the short-term effects on students’ bullying perceptio...

    Authors: Claudio Costantino, Alessandra Casuccio, Claudia Marotta, Stefania Enza Bono, Gianmarco Ventura, Walter Mazzucco, Francesco Vitale and Vincenzo Restivo

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:65

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  42. Content type: Review

    Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe disease with a prevalence of < 1 case out of 10,000 in Europe, which occurs mainly in pediatric age and is characterized by a severe and often bilateral chronic in...

    Authors: A. M. Zicari, G. Capata, M. Nebbioso, G. De Castro, F. Midulla, L. Leonardi, L. Loffredo, A. Spalice, L. Perri and M. Duse

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:64

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  43. Content type: Research

    Few data are available about temporal trends of antibiotic use in hospitalized children. The aim of the current study was to investigate the pattern and trends of antibiotic use over the years 2008–2016 in the...

    Authors: Marta Luisa Ciofi degli Atti, Carmen D’Amore, Jacopo Ceradini, Valerio Paolini, Gaetano Ciliento, Giuseppe Chessa and Massimiliano Raponi

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:63

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  44. Content type: Research

    Epidemiological studies worldwide indicate that teenagers are at risk of internalizing and externalizing problems that persist into adulthood. In our country, there are few epidemiological studies on adolescen...

    Authors: Martina Smorti, Annarita Milone, José Gonzalez Gonzalez and Giovanni Vitali Rosati

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:62

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  45. Content type: Research

    Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Recent studies demonstrated that the incidence of severe or fatal M. pneumoniae was gradually in...

    Authors: Qing-ling Li, Yin-yin Wu, Hui-ming Sun, Wen-jing Gu, Xin-xing Zhang, Mei-juan Wang, Yong-dong Yan, Chuang-li Hao, Wei Ji and Zheng-rong Chen

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:61

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  46. Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Filocamo et al. recently published a paper describing the presence of a pseudodeficiency allele, constituted by p.Ser141Ser and p.Arg737Gly polymorphisms at the NAGLU gene, which leads to a reduced level of the a...

    Authors: Diana Rojas Malaga, Sandra Leistner-Segal and Ana Carolina Brusius-Facchin

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:60

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  47. Content type: Research

    Free radicals found in cigarette smoke can harm all tissues and cellular structures in the human body. Passive smoking increases free radical production, leads to the depletion of antioxidants and increases ox...

    Authors: Emel Torun, Feyza Ustabas Kahraman, Ahmet Zaid Goksu, Aysel Vahapoglu and Zeynep Ebru Cakin

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:59

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  48. Content type: Case report

    Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively uncommon condition (0.2–0.55%). Various risk factors have been reported in addition to birth asphyxia, such as sepsis, coagulation disorders, traumatic delivery, and...

    Authors: M. S. Toti, P. Ghirri, A. Bartoli, C. Caputo, E. Laudani, F. Masoni, L. Mele and R. Bernardini

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:58

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  49. Content type: Research

    Consumers’ conviction of the benefits of probiotics is influenced by their existing beliefs and by the information they receive from healthcare professionals. The attitude of healthcare professionals towards c...

    Authors: Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Fügen Çullu Çokuğraş, Mehmet Vural, Julije Mestrovic, Luigi Nigri, Ruggiero Piazzolla, Ida Giardino, Michele Conoscitore and Leyla Namazova-Baranova

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:57

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  50. Content type: Review

    The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is an index derived from washout recordings, able to detect early peripheral airway damage in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) with a greater sensitivity than spirometry.

    Authors: Enrico Lombardi, Simone Gambazza, Ugo Pradal and Cesare Braggion

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:56

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