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Arterial switch operation (ASO) is the standard surgical choice for D-transposition of great arteries (D-TGA). However, the implications of ASO on pulmonaries, coronaries, and aorta have not been adequately in...
Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by imperforate anus, dysplastic ears, thumb malformations, and other abnormalities. Previous studies have revealed that mutations in the SALL1
Researches have found that alteration of intestinal flora may be closely related to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, whether probiotics supplementation has a protective effect on ASD...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects 60–80% of children below 1 year and it’s the first cause of acute bronchiolitis. The aim of this study was to assess the trend and characteristics of hospitalizations ...
Food supplements are defined as foodstuffs the purpose of which is to supplement the normal diet and which are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect, ...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is a common respiratory infection among children. However, the occurrence of thromboembolism with plastic bronchitis in association with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is extremel...
Anemia is a common complication of tuberculosis (TB), and there is evidence that its prevalence is higher in patients with TB. Although TB is very important in epidemiology, careful investigation of TB-related...
Nutrition exerts a fundamental role in the prevention of obesity (OB). The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which well recognized risk factors for early OB can be associated to overweight (OW) or ...
The aim of this exploratory survey is to describe the current state of US (ultrasound) technique across different pediatric settings nationwide.
The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the clinical use of voriconazole (VRC) in pediatric patients. MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from January ...
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that results in the abnormal development of structures derived from ectodermal tissue. This rare condition predominantly affects the hair, nails, e...
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a multi-organ metabolic disorder characterized by the imbalance in absorption and excretion of cationic amino acids like lysine, ornithine and arginine. Infants with LPI ...
Early infant feeding and swallowing are complex motor processes involving numerous muscles in coordination, e.g. the orofacial muscles as well as the muscles of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus. The newborn’s...
Acute bulbar palsy-plus (ABPp) syndrome is an unusual variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Anti-GT1a and anti-GQ1b antibodies have been reported in patients with ABPp, but without reports related to GD3 a...
To evaluate the progression of physical fitness (PF), basic motor competence (BMC), and executive function (EF) over one year in children aged 4–5 years at a health center.
The aim of the study was to explore the clinical significance of school refusal behavior, its negative impact on psychological well-being of children and adolescents and its relationship with the most common p...
In this study, we used targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the genetic basis of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in a 19-year-old Tunisian man who presented with severe hypothyroidism and go...
For years politics and healthcare, faced with the progressive increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood, have wondered how to stem it and reduce its consequences on health without findi...
Short-acting bronchodilators are a class of medications commonly used to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other respiratory conditions. The use of these medications has evolved over tim...
Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kδ) Syndrome (APDS) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) with a variable clinical presentation, characterized by infection susceptibility and immune dysregulation that m...
There is a global perception that psychotropic utilization in children and adolescents is increasing, especially with the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Available literature data on paediatric psychotropic medica...
Sepsis is one of the main causes of death in newborns worldwide. Vitamin D levels during fetal and neonatal periods have a significant role in the development of the immunological system. The study aims to eva...
The European-funded Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy in Pediatrics (HARMONIC) project aims to improve knowledge on the effects of medical exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) receiv...
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) represents a serious chronic condition affecting a wide number of people. Discussion of the physical issues associated with T1DM pervades the literature, however, there is less ...
Adiposity rebound (AR) refers to the second rise of the body mass index (BMI) curve that usually occurs between six and eight years of age. AR timing has a significant impact on patients’ health: early AR (EAR...
In Italy, since the 2020–2021 flu season, the flu vaccine recommendation was extended to all children aged 6 months to 6 years and quadrivalent Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (qLAIV) was introduced. Since s...
In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization to control vaccine-preventable diseases, saving millions of lives annually. However, the coverage of basic vaccines...
Febrile seizures (FS) are commonly perceived by healthcare professionals as a self-limited condition with a generally ‘benign’ nature. Nonetheless, they frequently lead to pediatric consultations, and their ma...
congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect occurring in isolated or syndromic (chromosomal or monogenic) conditions. The diaphragmatic defect can be the most common one: left-sided posterolateral,...
we aim to discuss the origin and the differences of the phenotypic features and the management care of rare form of disorder of sex development due to Mosaic monosomy X and Y chromosome materiel.
To explore the alterations of inflammatory markers and immune-related cytokines in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) combined with Adenovirus (ADV).
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) shows a significant overlap of symptoms with other hyper-inflammatory diseases such as Kawasaki disease (KD), but the real difference of the two conditions...
Persistent airway inflammation is a central feature of bronchiectasis. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX-15) controls production of endogenous lipid mediators, including lipoxins that regulate airway inflamma...
Identifying high-risk neonates with abnormal fetal growth is crucial for health risk prediction and early intervention. Small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) classifications highl...
Evidence about feeding practices’ consequences in small for gestational age newborns is not well established because they are less likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than other newborns. Our aim was...
The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2) has been used to assess the gross and fine motor skills of children (0–6 years); however, the measurement properties of the PDMS-2 are inconclusive. Here, we a...
To date, the etiology and risk factors of torticollis are still poorly defined in the pediatric literature. Especially in the Emergency Department (ED) scenario, it is critical to reliably distinguish benign a...
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are monogenic in some cases, however, there are still no clear guidelines on genetic testing in the clinical practice of SRNS in children.
The COVID-19 pandemic have impacts on the prevalence of other pathogens and people’s social lifestyle. This study aimed to compare the pathogen, allergen and micronutrient characteristics of pediatric inpatien...
Atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis (AAT) is a rare phenotype of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) in pediatric age. AAT occurs without thyroid enlargement leading to a delay in its diagnosis. Growth impairment is infre...
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming increasingly crucial in the Pediatric Emergency Department for objective patient examination. However, despite its growing interest and wide-ranging applications, P...
The variants of nucleoporins are extremely rare in hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Most of the patients carrying such variants progress to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in their child...
Diquat (DQ) is among the most widely used herbicides, and its intake can cause severe systemic toxicity that manifests rapidly. The resultant symptoms can cause the dysfunction of a range of tissues and organs...
Reviews on Down syndrome do not or only marginally address the issue of kidney and urogenital tract abnormalities, and lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature.
Preterms are at risk of systemic infections as the barrier function of their immature skin is insufficient. The long period of hospitalization and the huge number of invasive procedures represent a risk factor...
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is more likely to be diagnosed in children. The main treatment involves long-term use of anti-epileptic drugs and above all, home care is of great importance. ...
Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of skin fragility disorders characterized by blister formation following minor trauma. Four major types are distinguishe...
Pediatric obesity is a global emerging burden for society; among its health-related consequences there are hypertension (HTN) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Several anthropometric indices have been in...
Plastic bronchitis (PB) can occur in patients who have undergone congenital heart surgery (CHS). This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of PB in children after CHS.
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an organ specific autoimmune disease, which can manifest at any age of life. there is a high prevalence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in patients with AIH. Autoimmune thyroi...
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