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Clinical Genetics

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  1. Tacrolimus is the backbone drug in kidney transplantation. Single nucleotide polymorphism of Multidrug resistant 1 gene can affect tacrolimus metabolism consequently it can affect tacrolimus trough level and i...

    Authors: Mai S Korkor, Tarek el-desoky, Youssef M Mosaad, Doaa M. Salah and Ayman Hammad
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:57
  2. To date, no studies on presepsin values in cord blood of term infants with risk factors for early-onset sepsis (EOS) are available, whereas only one study reported presepsin values in cord blood of preterm inf...

    Authors: Francesca Priolo, Luca Maggio, Simona Fattore, Marta Tedesco, Domenico Umberto De Rose, Alessandro Perri, Giorgia Prontera, Roberto Chioma, Annamaria Sbordone, Maria Letizia Patti and Giovanni Vento
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:35
  3. Abnormalities in position and/or branching of the aortic arch can lead to vascular rings that may cause narrowing of the tracheal lumen due to external compression, or constriction of the oesophagus, causing s...

    Authors: Federica Porcaro, Paolo Ciliberti, Francesca Petreschi, Aurelio Secinaro, Annalisa Allegorico, Antonella Coretti and Renato Cutrera
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:24
  4. Duplications of the long arm of chromosome 3 are rare, and associated to a well-defined contiguous gene syndrome known as partial trisomy 3q syndrome. It has been first described in 1966 by Falek et al., and s...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Vincenzo Antona, Marcello Cimador, Giorgia Collodoro, Marco Guida, Ettore Piro, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz, Vincenzo Verde, Mario Giuffrè and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:17
  5. Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SIOD) is an ultra-rare inherited disease affecting many organ systems. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, T-cell immunodeficiency and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome are the ma...

    Authors: Jakub Zieg, Martin Bezdíčka, Michaela Němčíková, Miroslava Balaščáková, Martina Suková, Katalin Štěrbová, Karel Vondrák, Jiří Dušek and Anna Křepelová
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:11
  6. Developmental delay and intellectual disability represent a common pathology in general population, involving about 3% of the pediatric age population, the genetic etiology being often involved. The aim of thi...

    Authors: Diana Miclea, Sergiu Osan, Simona Bucerzan, Delia Stefan, Radu Popp, Monica Mager, Maria Puiu, Cristian Zimbru, Adela Chirita-Emandi and Camelia Alkhzouz
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:207
  7. Osteopathia Striata with Cranial Sclerosis (OS-CS), also known as Horan-Beighton Syndrome, is a rare genetic disease; about 90 cases have been reported to date. It is associated with mutations (heterozygous fo...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Vincenzo Antona, Maria Rita Di Pace, Mario Giuffrè, Giusy Morgante, Ettore Piro, Roberto Pirrello, Sergio Salerno, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz, Vincenzo Verde and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:206
  8. The spread of knowledge on the important implications of a diagnosis of genetic disease does not correspond to a sharing of the knowledge and equal rights of children.

    Authors: Federico Marchetti and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:202
  9. Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is a genetic disease of phosphate wasting that is characterized by defective bone mineralization. The most common cause of the disease is mutations in the phosphate regulating gen...

    Authors: Nahid Tavana, Tzer Hwu Ting, Kaitao Lai, Marina L. Kennerson and Karuppiah Thilakavathy
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:193
  10. Pompe disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease. Acid alpha−glucosidase (GAA) deficiency leads to glycogen storage in lysosomes, causing skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle lesions. Pompe disease is progr...

    Authors: Hongmin Xi, Xianghong Li, Lili Ma, Xiangyun Yin, Ping Yang and Lulu Zhang
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:187
  11. Hao-Fountain syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, variably impaired intellectual development with significant speech delay and, in some males patients, it has ...

    Authors: Nicola Zampieri, Rebecca Pulvirenti, Eleonora Pedrazzoli and Francesco Saverio Camoglio
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:182
  12. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a large group of inborn errors of metabolism with more than 140 different CDG types reported to date (1). The first characterized, PMM2-CDG, with an autosomal re...

    Authors: E. Lebredonchel, A. Riquet, D. Neut, F. Broly, G. Matthijs, A. Klein and F. Foulquier
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:178
  13. Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by deafness, branchiogenic malformations and renal abnormalities. Pathogenic variants in EYA1, SIX1 and SIX5 genes cause almost ha...

    Authors: Elena Cacciatori, Sebastiano Aleo, Giulietta Scuvera, Chiara Rigon, Paola Giovanna Marchisio, Matteo Cassina and Donatella Milani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:177
  14. Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare chromosomal disease, with estimated incidence of about 1 in 100,000 live newborns. The classic triad of iris coloboma, anorectal malformations, and auricular abnormalities is p...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Clara Giambrone, Vincenzo Antona, Francesca Cardella, Maurizio Carta, Marcello Cimador, Giovanni Corsello, Mario Giuffrè, Vincenzo Insinga, Maria Cristina Maggio, Marco Pensabene, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz and Ettore Piro
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:170
  15. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) constitutes a heterogeneous neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental disorder of the pons and cerebellum with onset in the prenatal period. Our study aimed to present different cli...

    Authors: Serap Bilge, Gülen Gül Mert, Özlem Hergüner, Duygu Özcanyüz, Sevcan Tuğ Bozdoğan, Ömer Kaya and Cengiz Havalı
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:169
  16. CHARGE syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition whose recognition in the neonatal period is complicated by considerable phenotypic variability. Pediatric patients with genetic disorders have a ...

    Authors: Alessandra Consales, Beatrice Letizia Crippa, Lorenzo Colombo, Roberta Villa, Francesca Menni, Claudia Giavoli, Fabio Mosca and Maria Francesca Bedeschi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:154
  17. Noonan and Noonan-like syndromes are multisystem genetic disorders, mainly with autosomal dominant trasmission, caused by mutations in several genes. Missense pathogenetic variants of SOS1 gene are the second ...

    Authors: Francesca Mercadante, Ettore Piro, Martina Busè, Emanuela Salzano, Arturo Ferrara, Gregorio Serra, Cristina Passarello, Giovanni Corsello and Maria Piccione
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:152
  18. Congenital ichthyosis (CI) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by generalized dry skin, scaling and hyperkeratosis, often associated to erythroderma. They are rare diseases, with overal...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Luigi Memo, Paola Cavicchioli, Mario Cutrone, Mario Giuffrè, Maria Laura La Torre, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:145
  19. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disease in Caucasian populations, affecting around 50,000 patients in Europe and 30,000 in United States. A mutation in CF trans-membrane conductance regulator (C...

    Authors: Vito Terlizzi, Chiara Castellani, Giovanni Taccetti and Beatrice Ferrari
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:141
  20. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a group of clinically and etiologically heterogeneous conditions, characterized by prenatal onset contractures affecting two or more joints. Its incidence is about 1...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Vincenzo Antona, Chiara Cannata, Mario Giuffrè, Ettore Piro, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:133
  21. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are one of the leading causes of death due to cardiac anomalies during the first months of life. The prevalence of VSD in neonates is reported up to 4%. Despite the remarkable...

    Authors: Sumbal Sarwar, Shabana, Amna Tahir, Zainab Liaqat, Saher Naseer, Rani Summeya Seme, Sabahat Mehmood, Saleem Ullah Shahid and Shahida Hasnain
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:124
  22. Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is an inherited disorder which is caused by an inactivating variant in the GNAS gene. AHO appears associated to either pseudohypoparathyroidism 1a (PHP1a) when GNAS gene...

    Authors: Qing Zhou, Bin Liang, Qing-Xian Fu, Hui Liu and Chao-Chun Zou
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:123
  23. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex disorder caused by impaired paternally expressed genes on chromosome 15q11-q13. Variable findings have been reported about the phenotypic differences among PWS genetic ...

    Authors: Lu Zhang, Xiaoliang Liu, Yunjing Zhao, Qingyi Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Haiming Gao, Bijun Zhang, Wanting Cui and Yanyan Zhao
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:121
  24. In this study, we used the novel DeepGestalt technology powered by Face2Gene (FDNA Inc., MA, USA) in suggesting a correct diagnosis based on the facial gestalt of well-known multiple anomaly syndromes. Only mo...

    Authors: Giulia Pascolini, Mauro Calvani and Paola Grammatico
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:91
  25. The Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of genital ambiguity in persons with XX sexual chromosomes. Genital ambiguity among persons with XY sexual chromosom...

    Authors: Reinaldo Luna de Omena Filho, Reginaldo José Petroli, Fernanda Caroline Soardi, Débora de Paula Michelatto, Taís Nitsch Mazzola, Helena Fabbri-Scallet, Maricilda Palandi de Mello, Susane Vasconcelos Zanotti, Ida Cristina Gubert and Isabella Monlleo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:89
  26. Limping and/or refusal to walk is a common complaint in the setting of the pediatric department, with a widely diverse differential diagnosis. An unusual etiology, is that of a hereditary neuropathy.

    Authors: Shani Karklinsky, Shir Kugler, Omer Bar-Yosef, Andreea Nissenkorn, Anat Grossman-Jonish, Irit Tirosh, Asaf Vivante and Ben Pode-Shakked
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:84
  27. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a well-defined disorder, whose core phenotype encompasses growth restriction, facial gestalt, intellectual disability and seizures. Nevertheless, great phenotypic variability ...

    Authors: Luisa Cortellazzo Wiel, Irene Bruno, Egidio Barbi and Fabio Sirchia
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:72
  28. Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome is a rare multiple-malformation syndrome secondary to somatic activating mutations in the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway. This is included in a heterogeneous group of diso...

    Authors: Roberta Rotunno, Andrea Diociaiuti, Elisa Pisaneschi, Claudia Carnevale, Marialisa Dentici and May El Hachem
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:71
  29. Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) belongs to RASopathies, a group of conditions caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway. It is...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Sofia Felice, Vincenzo Antona, Maria Rita Di Pace, Mario Giuffrè, Ettore Piro and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:65
  30. In recent years, reports of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) have gradually increased, including reports on how these conditions threaten the lives of children. However, the specific mechanism of...

    Authors: Yujie Fan, Ying Ding, Yuqin Li, Dandan Zhang, Min Yu, Wei-fang Zhou and Xiaoxing Kong
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:64
  31. Over 100 mutations in the SRD5A2 gene have been identified in subjects with 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD). Exploration of SRD5A2 mutations and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind their effect...

    Authors: Liwei Li, Junhong Zhang, Qing Li, Li Qiao, Pengcheng Li, Yi Cui, Shujun Li, Shirui Hao, Tongqian Wu, Lili Liu, Jianmin Yin, Pingsheng Hu, Xiaowei Dou, Shuping Li and Hui Yang
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:47
  32. Glycogen storage disease type XII is a rare metabolic disease resulting from Aldolase A deficiency that causes muscle glycogen accumulation, with crisis of rhabdomyolysis and hemolytic anemia. In the very few ...

    Authors: Lucia Santoro, Dorina Pjetraj, Virtut Velmishi, Carmen Campana, Carlo Catassi, Carlo Dionisi-Vici and Arianna Maiorana
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:39
  33. Rearrangements of unstable DNA sequences may alter the structural integrity or the copy number of dose-sensitive genes, resulting in copy number variations. They may lead more frequently to deletions, in addit...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Vincenzo Antona, Mario Giuffrè, Ettore Piro, Sergio Salerno, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2022 48:38
  34. Heterozygous variants in CNTNAP2 have been implicated in a wide range of neurological phenotypes, including intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and impaired language. However...

    Authors: Marcello Scala, Midas Anijs, Roberta Battini, Francesca Madia, Valeria Capra, Paolo Scudieri, Alberto Verrotti, Federico Zara, Carlo Minetti, Sonja C. Vernes and Pasquale Striano
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:208
  35. Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome, also known as Hay-Wells syndrome, is a rare genetic syndrome with ectodermal dysplasia. About 100 patients have been reported to date. It is ...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Vincenzo Antona, Mario Giuffré, Federica Li Pomi, Lucia Lo Scalzo, Ettore Piro, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:196
  36. 15q26 deletion is a relatively rare chromosomal disorder, and it is described only in few cases. Patients with this aberration show many signs and symptoms, particularly pre- and postnatal growth restriction, ...

    Authors: Yahya Benbouchta, Nicole De Leeuw, Saadia Amasdl, Aziza Sbiti, Dominique Smeets, Khalid Sadki and Abdelaziz Sefiani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:188
  37. Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (WRS) is a rare autosomal recessive neonatal progeroid disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, short stature, a progeroid appearance, hypotonia, an...

    Authors: Shao-Wen Wu, Lin Li, Fan Feng, Li Wang, Yuan-Yuan Kong, Xiao-Wei Liu and Chenghong Yin
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:160
  38. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a rare mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorder that results in hypoketotic hypoglycemia and hepatic encephalopathy. It is caused by mutation in CP...

    Authors: Yi Gan, Fei Yu and Haining Fang
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:154

    The Correction to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:192

  39. White-Sutton (WHSUS) is a recently recognized syndrome caused by mutations of the POGZ gene. Approximately 70 patients have been reported to date. Intellectual disability, hypotonia, behavioral abnormalities, ...

    Authors: Bernadette Donnarumma, Maria Pia Riccio, Gaetano Terrone, Melania Palma, Pietro Strisciuglio and Iris Scala
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:148
  40. In 1973, Petrea Jacobsen described the first patient showing dysmorphic features, developmental delay and congenital heart disease (atrial and ventricular septal defect) associated to a 11q deletion, inherited...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Luigi Memo, Vincenzo Antona, Giovanni Corsello, Valentina Favero, Paola Lago and Mario Giuffrè
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:147
  41. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare genetic disease due to the peripheral resistance to aldosterone. Its clinical spectrum includes neonatal salt loss syndrome with hyponatremia and hypochloraemia,...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Vincenzo Antona, Maria Michela D’Alessandro, Maria Cristina Maggio, Vincenzo Verde and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:138
  42. Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder which affects structures of ectodermal origin. X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is the most common form of disease. XLHED is char...

    Authors: Mario Tumminello, Antonella Gangemi, Federico Matina, Melania Guardino, Bianca Lea Giuffrè and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:128
  43. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a group of conditions resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Patients with FASD experience a variety of neuropsychological symptoms resulting from central ne...

    Authors: Katarzyna Anna Dylag, Bożena Bando, Zbigniew Baran, Paulina Dumnicka, Katarzyna Kowalska, Paulina Kulaga, Katarzyna Przybyszewska, Jakub Radlinski, Sylvia Roozen and Leopold Curfs
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:113
  44. Genetic diseases are chronic conditions with relevant impact on the lives of patients and their families. In USA and Europe it is estimated a prevalence of 60 million affected subjects, 75% of whom are in deve...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Luigi Memo, Alessandra Coscia, Mario Giuffré, Ambra Iuculano, Mariano Lanna, Diletta Valentini, Anna Contardi, Sauro Filippeschi, Tiziana Frusca, Fabio Mosca, Luca A. Ramenghi, Corrado Romano, Annalisa Scopinaro, Alberto Villani, Giuseppe Zampino…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:94
  45. De novo pathogenic variants in the DDX3X gene are reported to account for 1–3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) in females, leading to the rare disease known as DDX3X syndrome (MRXSSB, OMIM #300958). B...

    Authors: Giada Moresco, Jole Costanza, Carlo Santaniello, Ornella Rondinone, Federico Grilli, Elisabetta Prada, Simona Orcesi, Ilaria Coro, Anna Pichiecchio, Paola Marchisio, Monica Miozzo, Laura Fontana and Donatella Milani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:81
  46. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are malformations in the septum separating the heart’s ventricles. VSDs may present as a single anomaly (isolated/nonsyndromic VSD) or as part of a group of phenotypes (syndromic

    Authors: Sumbal Sarwar, Farah Ehsan, Shabana, Amna Tahir, Mahrukh Jamil, Saleem Ullah Shahid, Asim Khan and Shahida Hasnain
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:70
  47. Transcobalamin deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of cobalamin transport (prevalence: < 1/1000000) which clinically manifests in early infancy.

    Authors: Francesco Martino, Alessandra Magenta, Maria Letizia Troccoli, Eliana Martino, Concetta Torromeo, Carolina Putotto and Francesco Barillà
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:54
  48. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is one of the most common genomic disorders, characterized by the variable presence of facial dysmorphisms, congenital cardiac defects, velopharyngeal insufficiency/cleft palate, thym...

    Authors: Erica Rosina, Berardo Rinaldi, Rosamaria Silipigni, Luca Bergamaschi, Giovanna Gattuso, Stefano Signoroni, Silvana Guerneri, Alessandra Carnevali, Paola Giovanna Marchisio and Donatella Milani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:31

    The Correction to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:185