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Neonatology and Fetal Medicine

This section covers all aspects of neonatal and fetal health, disease, treatment, and outcomes.

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  1. Tracheal agenesis (TA) is a rare disorder usually diagnosed prenatally when a congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is identified. We present a case of unexpected TA in a neonate without prenatal...

    Authors: Alessandro Perri, Maria Letizia Patti, Annamaria Sbordone, Giovanni Vento and Rita Luciano

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:96

    Content type: Case report

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  2. Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic which is active against most Gram-positive bacteria, especially on Staphylococcus aureus. Its administration can be required when the infection is due to staphylococcus strains...

    Authors: Cinzia Auriti, Fiammetta Piersigilli, Iliana Bersani, Sara Cairoli, Paolina Giuseppina Amante, Daniela Longo and Bianca Maria Goffredo

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:90

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Furosemide is approved in full term neonates to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis and renal diseases. It is often administered off-label in premature neonates, to treat respirator...

    Authors: Valeria Anna Manfredini, Chiara Cerini, Antonio Clavenna, Andrea Dotta, Maria Letizia Caccamo, Alex Staffler, Luca Massenzi and Rossano Massimo Rezzonico

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:86

    Content type: Research

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  4. Vitamin A administration may decrease any stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. To evaluate whether vitamin A oral supplementation could be preventive in ROP incidence and severity in V...

    Authors: Francesca Garofoli, Donatella Barillà, Micol Angelini, Iolanda Mazzucchelli, Annalisa De Silvestri, Rosanna Guagliano, Lidia Decembrino and Chryssoula Tzialla

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:77

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

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  5. The rate of twinning continues to increase due to the combined effect of a rise in parental age and increased use of assisted reproductive technology. The risk of congenital anomalies in twins is higher than i...

    Authors: Ettore Piro, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz, Gregorio Serra, Giuseppe Puccio, Mario Giuffrè and Giovanni Corsello

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:73

    Content type: Research

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  6. Delayed umbilical cord clamping is associated with greater haemoglobin concentration and iron storage between 3 and 6 months of life and with less need of blood transfusion and lower incidence of neonatal hypo...

    Authors: Giuseppe De Bernardo, Maurizio Giordano, Rita De Santis, Paola Castelli, Desiree Sordino, Daniele Trevisanuto, Giuseppe Buonocore and Serafina Perrone

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:71

    Content type: Research

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  7. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and low birth weight (LBW) continue to be significant public health concerns in many low-income countries including Ethiopia. Yet the effect of maternal HIV infecti...

    Authors: Andualem Zenebe, Betelhem Eshetu and Samson Gebremedhin

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:70

    Content type: Research

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  8. A prompt diagnosis of HIE remains a challenge clinically. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) via a novel proteomic approach, the isobaric tags f...

    Authors: Yuanyuan Zhu, Yajing Yun, Meifang Jin, Gen Li, Hong Li, Po Miao, Xin Ding, Xing Feng, Lixiao Xu and Bin Sun

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:67

    Content type: Research

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  9. Recently, an outbreak of viral pneumonitis in Wuhan, Hubei, China successively spread as a global pandemia, led to the identification of a novel betacoronavirus species, the 2019 novel coronavirus, successivel...

    Authors: Domenico Umberto De Rose, Fiammetta Piersigilli, Maria Paola Ronchetti, Alessandra Santisi, Iliana Bersani, Andrea Dotta, Olivier Danhaive and Cinzia Auriti

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:56

    Content type: Review

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  10. Although disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a critical disease, there is few gold standard interventions in neonatal medicine. The aim of this study is to reveal factors affecting neonatal DIC at ...

    Authors: Hayato Go, Hitoshi Ohto, Kenneth E. Nollet, Nozomi Kashiwabara, Kei Ogasawara, Mina Chishiki, Shun Hiruta, Ichiri Sakuma, Yukihiko Kawasaki and Mitsuaki Hosoya

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:54

    Content type: Research

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  11. An early diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome is challenging, especially for the primary care physicians who often take care of neonates with multiple congenital anomalies. Here we report eight cases of CHARGE syndrom...

    Authors: Maria Francesca Bedeschi, Beatrice Letizia Crippa, Lorenzo Colombo, Martina Buscemi, Cesare Rossi, Roberta Villa, Silvana Gangi, Odoardo Picciolini, Claudia Cinnante, Viola Giulia Carlina Fergnani, Paola Francesca Ajmone, Elisa Scola, Fabio Triulzi and Fabio Mosca

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:53

    Content type: Research

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  12. Feeding intolerance in premature infants is one of the main causes of their long-term hospitalization in NICUs. Massage therapy is a cost-effective intervention that has a positive impact on the health of infa...

    Authors: Leila Seiiedi-Biarag and Mojgan Mirghafourvand

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:52

    Content type: Review

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  13. Exposure to hypothermia is somehow unavoidable when a baby comes to life. This is the reason why any possible effort should be made by every caregiver involved during birth, from labour to transfer into the ma...

    Authors: Daniele Merazzi, Ilia Bresesti, Paolo Tagliabue, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Paola De Lorenzo and Gianluca Lista

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:46

    Content type: Research

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  14. Fetal programming during in utero life defines the set point of physiological and metabolic responses that lead into adulthood; events happening in “the first 1,000 days” (from conception to 2-years of age), p...

    Authors: Benedetta Raspini, Debora Porri, Rachele De Giuseppe, Marcello Chieppa, Marina Liso, Rosa Maria Cerbo, Elisa Civardi, Francesca Garofoli, Maria Cristina Monti, Mirco Vacca, Maria De Angelis and Hellas Cena

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:45

    Content type: Research

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  15. Harlequin Ichthyosis is the most severe variant of congenital autosomal recessive ichthyosis, associated with severe morbidity and potentially lethal in early life. At birth, patients present thick and plaque-...

    Authors: Cinzia Auriti, Roberta Rotunno, Andrea Diociaiuti, Silvia Magni Manzoni, Andrea Uva, Iliana Bersani, Alessandra Santisi, Andrea Dotta and May El Hachem

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:44

    Content type: Case report

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  16. Preterm infants are at risk for structural disruption of brain connectivity due to perinatal complications encountered during the fetal and neonatal periods. This study aimed to investigate the development of ...

    Authors: Jong Ho Cha, Yong-Ho Choi, Jong-Min Lee, Joo Young Lee, Hyun-Kyung Park, Jinsup Kim, Il-Kewon Kim and Hyun Ju Lee

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:43

    Content type: Research

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  17. In the last years, ‘omics’ technologies, and especially metabolomics, emerged as expanding scientific disciplines and promising technologies in the characterization of several pathophysiological processes.

    Authors: Flaminia Bardanzellu and Vassilios Fanos

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:37

    Content type: Review

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  18. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur frequently in intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of this study was to analyze the results of surveillance of HAIs in a III level NICU in Naples, Italy during 20...

    Authors: Marina Silvia Scamardo, Pasquale Dolce, Eliana Pia Esposito, Francesco Raimondi, Maria Triassi and Raffaele Zarrilli

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:34

    Content type: Research

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  19. Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), classified in nine groups, is likely to be underreported, since milder isolated lesions in wellbeing newborns could often be undetected, and solitary lesions in the context of po...

    Authors: Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz, Mario Giuffrè, Antonello Del Vecchio, Vincenzo Antona, Giovanni Corsello and Ettore Piro

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:25

    Content type: Research

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  21. The optimal management of PDA in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is still controversial. Aim of our study was to investigate the management of PDA in the Italian neonatal intensive care units (NICU).

    Authors: Benjamim Ficial, Iuri Corsini, Stefano Fiocchi, Federico Schena, Irma Capolupo, Rosa Maria Cerbo, Manuela Condò, Daniela Doni, Simona La Placa, Salvatore Porzio, Katia Rossi, Sabrina Salvadori and Marilena Savoia

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:22

    Content type: Research

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  23. Neonatal acidaemia at birth can increase neonatal morbidity and mortality and it is predictive of neonatal asphyxia. The umbilical blood gas analysis is a valid tool for the evaluation of neonatal acidaemia. H...

    Authors: Giuseppe De Bernardo, Rita De Santis, Maurizio Giordano, Desiree Sordino, Giuseppe Buonocore and Serafina Perrone

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:20

    Content type: Research

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  24. In recent years, medical training has significantly increased the use of simulation for teaching and evaluation. The retraining of medical personnel in Italy is entrusted to the program of Continuous Education...

    Authors: Alice Covelli, Serena Bardelli, Rosa T. Scaramuzzo, Emilio Sigali, Massimiliano Ciantelli, Marta Del Pistoia, Alessia Longo, Selene Tognarelli, Arianna Menciassi and Armando Cuttano

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:13

    Content type: Research

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  25. Preterm birth (PTB) can be caused by different factors. The factors can be classified into different categories: socio demographic, obstetric, reproductive health, medical, behavioral and nutritional related. ...

    Authors: Tariku Laelago, Tadele Yohannes and Gulima Tsige

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:10

    Content type: Review

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  26. In Italy live about 8.7% immigrants, which contribute to more than 15% of all deliveries taking place in Italy. We aimed to investigate whether newborns from high migratory pressure countries (HMPC) mothers ha...

    Authors: Mario De Curtis, Leonardo Villani and Arianna Polo

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:8

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

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  27. Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most frequent non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing-loss (SNHL) (i.e., hearing loss due to a cochlear and/or auditory nerve damage). It is widely accepte...

    Authors: Fabio Natale, Mario De Curtis, Bianca Bizzarri, Maria Patrizia Orlando, Massimo Ralli, Giuseppina Liuzzi, Barbara Caravale, Francesco Franco, Aurelia Gaeta, Antonella Giancotti, Francesca Yoshie Russo and Rosaria Turchetta

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:3

    Content type: Research

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  28. Anemia in newborn babies causes asymptomatic to an acute life-threatening event. If untreated, it leads to a delay in brain maturation, tissue hypoxia, and stunted growth. In Sub-Saharan Africa, its burden ran...

    Authors: Tegenaw Tiruneh, Elias Shiferaw and Bamlaku Enawgaw

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:1

    Content type: Research

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  29. Two hundred seventy-five thousand maternal deaths, 2.7 million neonatal deaths, and 2.6 million stillbirths have been estimated in 2015 worldwide, almost all in low-income countries (LICs). Moreover, more than...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Vincenzo Miceli, Salvatore Albano and Giovanni Corsello

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:152

    Content type: Research

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  30. Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite implementing of different preventive interventions, the burden of neonatal sepsis is reporting in different areas of Et...

    Authors: Mulunesh Alemu, Mulatu Ayana, Hailemariam Abiy, Biniam Minuye, Wubet Alebachew and Aklilu Endalamaw

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:150

    Content type: Research

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  31. Birth weight and leptin seem to be the factors responsible for early programming of body weight in later life. A marker for leptin action is free leptin index (FLI), which depends on soluble leptin receptor (O...

    Authors: Beata Kulik-Rechberger, Anna Maria Bury, Anna Rakuś-Kwiatosz and Iwona Beń-Skowronek

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:141

    Content type: Research

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  32. Preterm infants have immature gastrointestinal tracts and poor immunity. In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 first on early feeding tolerance, growth, and second on infection prevention ...

    Authors: Xuewei Cui, Yongyan Shi, Siyang Gao, Xindong Xue and Jianhua Fu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:140

    Content type: Research

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  33. The only pharmacologic prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in preterm infants is the humanized monoclonal antibody palivizumab. After the 2014 modification of the American Academy o...

    Authors: Renato Cutrera, Andrea Wolfler, Simonetta Picone, Giovanni A. Rossi, Giuliana Gualberti, Rocco Merolla, Antonio Del Vecchio, Alberto Villani, Fabio Midulla and Andrea Dotta

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:139

    Content type: Review

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  34. Neonatologist performed echocardiography (NPE) has increasingly been used to assess the hemodynamic status in neonates. Aim of this survey was to investigate the utilization of NPE in Italian neonatal intensiv...

    Authors: Iuri Corsini, Benjamim Ficial, Stefano Fiocchi, Federico Schena, Irma Capolupo, Rosa Maria Cerbo, Manuela Condò, Daniela Doni, Simona La Placa, Salvatore Porzio, Katia Rossi, Sabrina Salvadori and Marilena Savoia

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:131

    Content type: Research

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  35. Melatonin has been studied and used for several years as a sleep-wake cycle modulator in patients with sleep disorders. Experimental evidence has demonstrated the multiple neuroprotective benefits of this indo...

    Authors: S. Picone, P. Ariganello, V. Mondì, F. Di Palma, L. Martini, S. Marziali, G. Fariello and P. Paolillo

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:122

    Content type: Research

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  37. In this study, we aimed to analyze differences in plasma protein abundances between infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), to add new insights into a better understanding of the pathogenesi...

    Authors: Magdalena Zasada, Maciej Suski, Renata Bokiniec, Monika Szwarc-Duma, Maria Katarzyna Borszewska-Kornacka, Józef Madej, Beata Bujak-Giżycka, Anna Madetko-Talowska, Cecilie Revhaug, Lars O. Baumbusch, Ola D. Saugstad, Jacek Józef Pietrzyk and Przemko Kwinta

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:112

    Content type: Research

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  39. Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS), which is defined as heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and edema, is most caused by monogenic defects in structural proteins of the glomerular filtration ba...

    Authors: Liangliang Li, Zhi Yi, Hongmin Xi, Lili Ma, Hui Shao, Wenwen Wang, Hong Pan, Miaomiao Li and Hong Jiang

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:109

    Content type: Case report

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  40. The treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants remains a challenge. The ability to predict which infants will respond to indomethacin could spare some from the risks of...

    Authors: Janardhan Mydam, Alok Rastogi and Zahra J. Naheed

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:107

    Content type: Research

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  41. Deleterious consequences of the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with invasive ventilation have led to more in-depth investigation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) modalities. NIV has signifi...

    Authors: Dhivya Lakshmi Permall, Asfia Banu Pasha and Xiao-qing Chen

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:105

    Content type: Review

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  42. This article describes the detailed project aimed to realize a dedicated ground ambulance for neonatal emergency transport service (NETS). To date, the European Community rules specify requirements for the des...

    Authors: Carlo Bellini, Martina de Biasi, Maurizio Gente, Luca A. Ramenghi, Roberto Aufieri, Diego Minghetti, Silvia Pericu, Martina Cavalieri and Niccolò Casiddu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:97

    Content type: Research

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  43. Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse of presumably healthy neonates during early skin-to-skin contact is a rare, yet recognized occurrence, associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. A survey was ...

    Authors: Michelangelo Barbaglia, Enrico Finale, Silvia Noce, Alessandro Vigo, Cesare Arioni, Raffaella Visentin, Elisabetta Scurati-Manzoni and Andrea Guala

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:95

    Content type: Research

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  44. Enteroviruses (EVs) are an important cause of illness, especially in neonates and young infants. Clinical and laboratory findings at different ages, brain imaging, and outcomes have been inadequately investiga...

    Authors: Alberto Berardi, Marcello Sandoni, Carlotta Toffoli, Alessandra Boncompagni, William Gennari, Maria Barbara Bergamini, Laura Lucaccioni and Lorenzo Iughetti

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:94

    Content type: Research

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  45. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth status and to identify the risk factors that influence the catch-up growth of preterm infants after discharge and to provide evidence for feeding strategies ...

    Authors: Xiaomei Liu, Biru Luo, Wentao Peng, Fei Xiong, Fan Yang and Jinhui Wu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:87

    Content type: Research

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  46. Turner syndrome (45,X), accounts for 1–2% of conceptions which typically miscarry early in the first trimester. Cases detected prenatally often present with cystic hygroma, which is an ultrasound marker for an...

    Authors: Hai-Ying Chen, Jian-Qiong Zheng and Hong-Ping Zhang

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:85

    Content type: Case report

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  47. Fibreoptic Phototherapy (FPT) allows to lower total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels in healthy neonates maintained in rooming-in with their mothers. The 2004 Cochrane review showed that, differently from preterm ...

    Authors: R. Luciano, G. Mancini, F. Cota, A. Romano, V. Purcaro, F. Lerro, M. Corsello and G. Vento

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:68

    Content type: Research

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  48. Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively uncommon condition (0.2–0.55%). Various risk factors have been reported in addition to birth asphyxia, such as sepsis, coagulation disorders, traumatic delivery, and...

    Authors: M. S. Toti, P. Ghirri, A. Bartoli, C. Caputo, E. Laudani, F. Masoni, L. Mele and R. Bernardini

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:58

    Content type: Case report

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  49. Preterm birth and feeding are the most important pathogenic factors of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Metabonomic has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases, but there is ...

    Authors: Fusheng Wang, Weizhong Li, Guanghuan Wang, Menglu Yu, Jun Zhong, Chenbin Xu, Danli Li and Yongcui Zhou

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:54

    Content type: Research

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  50. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) are some of the most common birth defects affecting newborns. CAKUTs often have poor birth outcomes owing to the limited experience of physicians i...

    Authors: Zhong-yi Li, Yan-min Chen, Li-qian Qiu, Dan-qing Chen, Chong-gao Hu, Jian-yun Xu and Xiao-hui Zhang

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:50

    Content type: Research

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