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Neonatology and Fetal Medicine

This section covers all aspects of neonatal and fetal health, disease, treatment, and outcomes.

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  1. Ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) refers to any conjunctivitis occurring in the first 28 days of life. In the past Neisseria gonorrhoeae was the most common cause of ON. It decreased with the introduction of prophylaxis...

    Authors: Cinzia Auriti, Vito Mondì, Salvatore Aversa, Daniele Merazzi, Simona Lozzi, Sergio Petroni, Antonio Baldascino, Luca Massenzi, Roberto Bellù, Stefano Martinelli and Fabio Mosca

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:238

    Content type: Debate

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  2. Congenital brain tumors are extremely rare in the neonatal population, and often associated with a poor prognosis. The diagnostic suspicion is often aroused at antenatal scans or postnatally, if clinical signs...

    Authors: Silvia Martini, Vittoria Paoletti, Monica Maffei, Mino Zucchelli, Chiara Locatelli, Maximilian Fischer, Viscardo Paolo Fabbri, Maria Pia Foschini, Giovanni Tallini and Luigi Corvaglia

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:234

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Citomegalovirus (CMV) infects approximately 1% of live newborns. About 10% of the infants affected by congenital CMV infection are symptomatic at birth and up to 60% of these infants will develop permanent neu...

    Authors: Andrea Bianchi, Caterina Coviello, Valentina Leonardi, Michele Luzzati, Stefano Chiti, Daniele Ermini, Vittorio Miele, Enrico Fainardi, Carlo Dani and Elisa Scola

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:227

    Content type: Case report

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  4. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a typical disorder of preterm newborns, with a high mortality and morbidity rate. The therapeutic and nutritional management of disease depends on several factors. Its progno...

    Authors: Giovanni Savarino, Maurizio Carta, Marcello Cimador, Antonio Corsello, Mario Giuffrè, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz, Gregorio Serra and Giovanni Corsello

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:226

    Content type: Research

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  5. Most preterm infants require a continuous glucose infusion in the early postnatal period due to the interruption of the transplacental glucose supply after birth to promote better neurodevelopmental outcomes.

    Authors: Dina Angelika, Risa Etika, Martono Tri Utomo, Setya Mirha, Kartika Darma Handayani and I. Dewa Gede Ugrasena

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:219

    Content type: Research

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  6. The health and growth of children less than two years of age can be affected by the poor quality of complementary foods and poor feeding practices even with optimal breastfeeding. In Ethiopia, empirical eviden...

    Authors: Haimanot Abebe, Molla Gashu, Aynalem Kebede, Habtemariam Abata, Alex Yeshaneh, Haile Workye and Daniel Adane

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:215

    Content type: Research

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  7. The breastfeeding technique is explained positioning, attachment, and suckling during breastfeeding. Ineffective breast feeding technique is one of the factors leading to premature discontinuation of breastfee...

    Authors: Boko Loka Safayi, Nega Tezera Assimamaw and Destaye Guadie Kassie

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:206

    Content type: Research

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  9. Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common disorder especially in at-risk infants and it can be associated with poor long-term neurological outcomes. Several therapeutic interventions are suggested, from the implementa...

    Authors: Fabio Meneghin, Martina Manzalini, Miriam Acunzo, Irene Daniele, Petrina Bastrenta, Francesca Castoldi, Francesco Cavigioli, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti and Gianluca Lista

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:201

    Content type: Research

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  10. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in neonates is a rare and heterogeneous disorder. HCM accounts for 25 to 40% of all pediatric cardiomyopathy cases and the highest incidence in pediatric population is reporte...

    Authors: Alessia Claudia Codazzi, Rosario Ippolito, Cecilia Novara, Enrico Tondina, Rosa Maria Cerbo and Chryssoula Tzialla

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:197

    Content type: Case report

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  11. Vaccine hesitancy is a global problem, carrying significant health risks for extremely vulnerable population as that of preterm infants. Social media are emerging as significant tools for public health promoti...

    Authors: Antonio Di Mauro, Federica Di Mauro, Chiara Greco, Orazio Valerio Giannico, Francesca Maria Grosso, Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre, Manuela Capozza, Federico Schettini, Pasquale Stefanizzi and Nicola Laforgia

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:190

    Content type: Research

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  12. Although it is known that unbound bilirubin can enter the brain, there is little evidence of its association with the development of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Here, we investigated this potential relatio...

    Authors: Yiyi Ding, Shuo Wang, Rui Guo, Aizhen Zhang and Yufang Zhu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:187

    Content type: Research

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  13. Congenital chylothorax (CC) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in newborns. It is defined as an accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity. The few publications regarding medical management ...

    Authors: Michaela Höck, Alexander Höller, Marlene Hammerl, Karina Wechselberger, Jakob Krösslhuber, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Sabine Scholl-Bürgi and Daniela Karall

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:175

    Content type: Research

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  14. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of infant life contributes to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association of exclusive breastfeeding and childho...

    Authors: Tesfahun Mulatu, Nigus Bililign Yimer, Birhan Alemnew, Melese Linger and Misgan Legesse Liben

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:166

    Content type: Research

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  15. Haemophilia A is an X-linked genetic condition which manifests itself mainly in male children in the first 2 years of life, during gross motor skill development. This disorder is rare in females. The clinical ...

    Authors: Berendt Agnieszka, Wójtowicz-Marzec Monika, Wysokińska Barbara and Kwaśniewska Anna

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:157

    Content type: Case report

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  16. Severe hypercalcemia is rare in newborns; even though often asymptomatic, it may have important sequelae. Hypophosphatemia can occur in infants experiencing intrauterine malnutrition, sepsis and early high-ene...

    Authors: Nicola Improda, Francesca Mazzeo, Alessandro Rossi, Claudia Rossi, Francesco Paolo Improda and Angelo Izzo

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:155

    Content type: Case report

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  17. Neonatal infectious spondylodiscitis is a rare bony infection with atypical clinical presentation and non-specific systemic symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment are often delayed resulting in vertebral destructio...

    Authors: Sara Romano, Francesca Vittoria, Elisabetta Cattaruzzi, Egidio Barbi and Marco Carbone

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:152

    Content type: Case report

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  18. Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis (CSHRH), also called Hashimoto-Pritzker disease, is a rare and benign variant of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, characterized by cutaneous lesions without extracut...

    Authors: Alessandra Rizzoli, Simona Giancristoforo, Cristina Haass, Rita De Vito, Stefania Gaspari, Eleonora Scapillati, Andrea Diociaiuti and May El Hachem

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:135

    Content type: Case report

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  20. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is strongly associated with premature birth, but it can also affect term neonates. Unlike the extent of research in preterm neonates, risk factors associated with ...

    Authors: Paraskevi Stylianou-Riga, Theodora Boutsikou, Panayiotis Kouis, Paraskevi Kinni, Marina Krokou, Andriani Ioannou, Tania Siahanidou, Zoi Iliodromiti, Thalia Papadouri, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros and Nicoletta Iacovidou

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:129

    Content type: Research

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  21. Delayed cord clamping in full-term neonates is widely recommended, while in practice, it is rarely implemented in cesarean section due to the fear of neonatal jaundice and excessive maternal blood loss. The op...

    Authors: Hailing Shao, Shichu Gao, Qiujing Lu, Xiaomin Zhao, Ying Hua and Xiaomei Wang

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:115

    Content type: Research

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  22. Congenital hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease with a significant incidence in the general population (1:2000–1:3000 newborns in Italy) and a different geographical distribution, partially explained by ende...

    Authors: Maria Cristina Maggio, Saveria Sabrina Ragusa, Tommaso Silvano Aronica, Orazia Maria Granata, Eleonora Gucciardino and Giovanni Corsello

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:108

    Content type: Research

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  23. Although many studies emphasize the importance of using oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets in the NICUs, there is a wide variability in used saturation ranges among centers. Primary aim was to draw a representative...

    Authors: Serafina Perrone, Maurizio Giordano, Giuseppe De Bernardo, Paola Lugani, Pasquale Sarnacchiaro, Gemma Stazzoni, Giuseppe Buonocore, Susanna Esposito and Maria Luisa Tataranno

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:104

    Content type: Research

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  24. The existing treatment options for neonatal seizures have expanded over the last few decades, but no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal therapeutic protocols. We systematically reviewed the avail...

    Authors: Raffaele Falsaperla, Bruna Scalia, Andrea Giugno, Piero Pavone, Milena Motta, Martina Caccamo and Martino Ruggieri

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:85

    Content type: Review

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  25. According to most early-onset sepsis (EOS) management guidelines, approximately 10% of the total neonatal population are exposed to antibiotics in the first postnatal days with subsequent increase of neonatal ...

    Authors: Gianluigi Laccetta, Massimiliano Ciantelli, Cristina Tuoni, Emilio Sigali, Mario Miccoli and Armando Cuttano

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:73

    Content type: Research

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  26. Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. According to the current clinical recommendations, its use during pregnancy should be ca...

    Authors: Elisabetta Godano, Fabio Barra, Alessandra Allodi, Antonella Ferraiolo, Alice Laroni, Giovanni Novi, Giovanni Luigi Mancardi, Claudio Gustavino and Cesare Arioni

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:69

    Content type: Case report

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  27. Recent guidelines advocate the use of real-time ultrasound to locate umbilical venous catheter tip. So far, training programs are not well established.

    Authors: Serena Antonia Rubortone, Simonetta Costa, Alessandro Perri, Vito D’Andrea, Giovanni Vento and Giovanni Barone

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:68

    Content type: Research

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  28. Early postanal growth of preterm infants has many effects on early and late health. However, evidence on growth pattern in Chinese preterm infant population during early life is insufficient. This study aims t...

    Authors: Junyan Han, Yuan Jiang, Jun Huang, Yue Zhang, Ying Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xiaotian Chen, Yun Li and Weili Yan

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:66

    Content type: Research

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  29. Non-negligible differences in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its risk factors between different neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are reported. Our aim was to assess the incidence and risk factors fo...

    Authors: Carlo Dani, Caterina Coviello, Fiorenza Panin, Saverio Frosini, Simonetta Costa, Velia Purcaro, Domenico Lepore and Giovanni Vento

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:64

    Content type: Research

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  30. Metabolic Acidosis (MA) is a disturbance of the acid-base balance that can occur in preterm and critically ill term neonates due to different etiologies. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been traditiona...

    Authors: Luca Massenzi, Roberto Aufieri, Silvia Donno, Rocco Agostino and Andrea Dotta

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:63

    Content type: Research

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  31. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first half-year of life is an important risk factor for childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite this, less than 40% of infants below 6 months are exclusively breas...

    Authors: Alemnesh Abebe Taye, Wondwosen Asegidew, Mitku Mammo Taderegew, Yonas Girma Bizuwork and Betregiorgis Zegeye

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:55

    Content type: Research

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  32. The Neonatal Assessment Manual scorE (NAME) was developed to assist in the clinical management of infants in the neonatal ward by assessing their body’s compliance and homogeneity. The present study begins its...

    Authors: Andrea Manzotti, Marco Chiera, Matteo Galli, Erica Lombardi, Simona La Rocca, Pamela Biasi, Jorge Esteves, Gianluca Lista and Francesco Cerritelli

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:53

    Content type: Research

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  33. The availability of a COVID-19 vaccine has raised the issue of its compatibility with breastfeeding. Consequently, the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN), the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP), the Italian...

    Authors: Riccardo Davanzo, Massimo Agosti, Irene Cetin, Antonio Chiantera, Giovanni Corsello, Luca A. Ramenghi, Annamaria Staiano, Marcello Tavio, Alberto Villani, Elsa Viora and Fabio Mosca

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:45

    Content type: Commentary

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  34. Serious bacterial infection (SBI) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamically increased value of the red cell distribut...

    Authors: Bin-Fang Guo and Su-Zhen Sun

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:44

    Content type: Research

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  35. We aimed to evaluate the degree of realism and involvement, stress management and awareness of performance improvement in practitioners taking part in high fidelity simulation (HFS) training program for delive...

    Authors: Mariachiara Martina Strozzi, Alessandro Varrica, Micaela Colivicchi, Claudia Pelazzo, Rossana Negri, Anna Galante, Patrizia Ianniello, Rossella Sterpone, Priscilla Nannini, Daniela Leo, Francesca Mannarino, Manuel Striani, Stefania Montani and Diego Gazzolo

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:42

    Content type: Research

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  36. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that causes vision loss, vision impairment, and blindness, most frequently manifesting among preterm infants. ROPScore and CHOP ROP (Children’s Hospital of Philade...

    Authors: Huiqing Sun, Yubin Dong, Yanxia Liu, Qingqin Chen, Yanxi Wang, Bin Cheng, Shaobo Qin, Liping Meng, Shanxiu Li, Yanlun Zhang, Aiguo Zhang, Weiling Yan, Yuhong Dong, Shuyi Cheng, Mingchao Li and Zengyuan Yu

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:39

    Content type: Research

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  37. The aim of this study was to collect consistent data on the efficacy and safety and evaluation hepatotoxicity of intravenous acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA in preterm infants.

    Authors: Reza Bahrami, Aida Ezzatabadi, Nima Mehdizadegan, Hamid Mohammadi, Hamid Amoozgar and Mohammadreza Edraki

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:37

    Content type: Research

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  38. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia is frequently encountered during neonatal period. Although it has different causes, in some cases it can’t be explained. Previous studies have illustrated that jaundice could be a m...

    Authors: Ahmed Mahrous Kamal Baz, Osama Abd El-Fattah El-Agamy and Ashraf Mohamed Ibrahim

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:35

    Content type: Research

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  39. Association between persistency of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and morbidity in preterm newborns is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the relation between PDA and morbidity in a large retrospec...

    Authors: Gianluca Terrin, Maria Di Chiara, Giovanni Boscarino, Valentina Metrangolo, Francesca Faccioli, Elisa Onestà, Antonella Giancotti, Violante Di Donato, Viviana Cardilli and Mario De Curtis

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:9

    Content type: Research

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  40. Neonatal thrombocytopenia (NT) (platelet count < 150 × 109/L) is a common finding in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of...

    Authors: Amira M. Saber, Shereen P. Aziz, Al Zahraa E. Almasry and Ramadan A. Mahmoud

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2021 47:7

    Content type: Research

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  41. Lately, one of the major clinical and public health issues has been represented by Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy and the risk of transmission of the infection from mother to child. De...

    Authors: Nicole Olivini, Francesca Ippolita Calò Carducci, Veronica Santilli, Maria Antonietta De Ioris, Alessia Scarselli, Dario Alario, Caterina Geremia, Mary Haywood Lombardi, Caterina Marabotto, Rosanna Mariani, Raffaele Edo Papa, Emanuela Peschiaroli, Raffaella Scrocca, Serena Sinibaldi, Andrea Smarrazzo, Pietro Stella…

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:180

    Content type: Research

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  42. Skilled health professional assisted delivery is an effective strategy to reduce maternal and newborn mortality. Skilled assistant delivery can prevent about 16–33% of maternal and newborn mortality. Despite t...

    Authors: Zemenu Tadesse Tessema and Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:177

    Content type: Research

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  43. Even though neonatal mortality reduction is the major goal needed to be achieved by 2030, it is still unacceptably high especially in Ethiopia. In the other hand, low birth weight is the major cause of neonata...

    Authors: Temesgen Getaneh, Ayenew Negesse, Getenet Dessie and Melaku Desta

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:174

    Content type: Research

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  44. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis in infants, with long term neurodevelopmental sequelae. GBS may be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including spontane...

    Authors: Alberto Berardi, Tiziana Cassetti, Roberta Creti, Caterina Vocale, Simone Ambretti, Mario Sarti, Fabio Facchinetti, Stephen Cose, Paul Heath and Kirsty Le Doare

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:160

    Content type: Commentary

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  45. In the recent years, clinical progress and better medical assistance for pregnant women, together with the introduction of new complex technologies, has improved the survival of preterm infants. However, this ...

    Authors: Antonella del Vecchio, Sergio Salerno, Massimo Barbagallo, Gaetano Chirico, Mauro Campoleoni, Vittorio Cannatà, Elisabetta Genovese, Claudio Granata, Andrea Magistrelli and Paolo Tomà

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:159

    Content type: Review

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  46. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD; MIM#263200) is one of the most frequent pediatric renal cystic diseases, with an incidence of 1:20,000. It is caused by mutations of the PKHD1 gene, on chromo...

    Authors: Gregorio Serra, Giovanni Corsello, Vincenzo Antona, Maria Michela D’Alessandro, Nicola Cassata, Marcello Cimador, Mario Giuffrè, Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz and Ettore Piro

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:154

    Content type: Case report

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  47. Neonatal mortality remains a serious public health concern in developing countries including Ethiopia. Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest neonatal mortality in Africa. However, there is limited ...

    Authors: Zemenu Tadesse Tessema and Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:138

    Content type: Research

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  48. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious viral disease has spread from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China to all over the world from its first recognition on December 2019. To date, only a few neonat...

    Authors: Setareh Sagheb, Ameneh Lamsehchi, Mohamadreza Jafary, Reza Atef-Yekta and Kourosh Sadeghi

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:137

    Content type: Case report

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  49. Hirschsprung disease, the most important congenital colonic dysmotility in children results from neural crest migration, differentiation, proliferation, or apoptosis defects where the rearranged during transfe...

    Authors: Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz, Marcello Cimador, Mario Giuffrè, Claudia Maria Aiello, Vincenzo Antona, Giovanni Corsello and Ettore Piro

    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2020 46:135

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

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