Neonatology and Fetal Medicine

Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects predominantly preterm infants, who have specific risk factors leading to intestinal dysbiosis. Manipulations of gut microbiota through probiotics have the potential to prev...

Authors: Arianna Aceti, Davide Gori, Giovanni Barone, Maria Luisa Callegari, Antonio Di Mauro, Maria Pia Fantini, Flavia Indrio, Luca Maggio, Fabio Meneghin, Lorenzo Morelli, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti and Luigi Corvaglia

Massive thymic hemorrhage and hemothorax occurring in utero

Thymic enlargement is a common and physiological finding in children and neonates’ X-rays, but it is usually asymptomatic. Occasionally it can cause respiratory distress. In most cases the aetiology of this e...

Authors: Giancarlo Gargano, Anna Lucia Paltrinieri, Claudio Gallo, Luciana Di Pancrazio, Maria Federica Roversi and Fabrizio Ferrari

Prenatal diagnosis of Fraser syndrome: a matter of life or death?

Fraser Syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive syndrome. It’s characterized primarily by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and urogenital malformation. Respiratory malformations are frequently present and not taken ...

Authors: Giuseppe De Bernardo, Maurizio Giordano, Antonino Di Toro, Desiree Sordino and Daniele De Brasi

Status of gastric lavage in neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid: a randomized controlled trial

Neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) can develop feed intolerance during first few days of post -natal period. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the objectives of to find ou...

Authors: Lokraj Shah, Gauri Shankar Shah, Rupa Rajbhandari Singh, Hanoon Pokharel and Om Prakash Mishra

Prevalence, prenatal screening and neonatal features in children with Down syndrome: a registry- based national study

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities among newborns. In recent years advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved chance of survival for the children with DS. The obj...

Authors: Tatjana Glivetic, Urelija Rodin, Milan Milosevic, Diana Mayer, Boris Filipovic-Grcic and Maida Seferovic Saric

Position Statement on Breastfeeding from the Italian Pediatric Societies

The 2015 Position Statement on Breastfeeding of The Italian Pediatric Societies (SIP, SIN, SICupp, SIGENP) recognizes breastfeeding as an healthy behaviour with many short and long term benefits for both mothe...

Authors: Riccardo Davanzo, Costantino Romagnoli and Giovanni Corsello

The effects of selective head cooling versus whole-body cooling on some neural and inflammatory biomarkers: a randomized controlled pilot study

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has become standard care in newborns with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and the 2 most commonly used methods are selective head cooling (SHC) and whole ...

Authors: Yalçın Çelik, Aytuğ Atıcı, Selvi Gülaşı, Khatuna Makharoblıdze, Gülçin Eskandari, Mehmet Ali Sungur and Serin Akbayır

Each niche has an actor: multiple stem cell niches in the preterm kidney

The preterm kidney cannot be simply considered as a kidney small in size: as compared to the adult kidney, the developing organ of the preterm infant is characterized by marked differences regarding the archit...

Authors: D. Fanni, A. Sanna, C. Gerosa, M. Puddu, G. Faa and V. Fanos

Italian guidelines for the management and treatment of neonatal cholestasis

Hyperbilirubinemia is a frequent condition affecting newborns during the first two weeks of life and when it lasts more than 14 days it is defined as prolonged jaundice. This condition requires differential di...

Authors: Carlo Dani, Simone Pratesi, Francesco Raimondi and Costantino Romagnoli

Cost of care and social consequences of very low birth weight infants without premature- related morbidities in Italy

Aim of this study was to estimate the cost that is borne by the Italian National Health Service, families, and social security due to very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) without prematurity-related morbidit...

Authors: Maria Caterina Cavallo, Attilio Gugiatti, Giovanni Fattore, Simone Gerzeli, Dario Barbieri and Rinaldo Zanini

Effects of maternal epidural analgesia on the neonate - a prospective cohort study

Epidural analgesia is one of the most popular modes of analgesia for child birth. There are controversies regarding adverse effects and safety of epidural analgesia. This study was conducted to study the immed...

Authors: Bikash Shrestha, Amit Devgan and Mukti Sharma

Epidural analgesia, neonatal care and breastfeeding

The objective of our study is to evaluate the correlation between epidural analgesia during labor, start of breastfeeding and type of maternal-neonatal care.

Authors: Antonio Alberto Zuppa, Giovanni Alighieri, Riccardo Riccardi, Maria Cavani, Alma Iafisco, Francesco Cota and Costantino Romagnoli

Congenital skin aplasia on the lower limb in a premature infant with ELBW - case report

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is usually located on the hairy scalp, on the vertex of the head, but can also occur in other locations, such as limbs, trunk. Congenital skin aplasia on the lower limb is very ra...

Authors: Agata Pająk, Anna Szczygieł, Dorota Paluszyńska and Barbara Królak-Olejnik

Effect of abdomen massage for prevention of feeding intolerance in preterm infants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of abdominal massage on feeding tolerance in stable preterm infants fed minimal enteral nutrition.

Authors: Kadir Şerafettin Tekgündüz, Ayşe Gürol, Serap Ejder Apay and İbrahim Caner

Impact of kangaroo mother care on cerebral blood flow of preterm infants

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been widely used to improve the care of preterms and low birth weight infants. However, very little is known about cerebral hemodynamics responses in preterm infants during KMC i...

Authors: Afaf A Korraa, Alyaa A I El Nagger, Ragaa Abd El-Salam Mohamed and Noha M Helmy

Chest and occipito-frontal circumference measurements in the detection of low birth weight among Nigerian newborns of Igbo ethnicity

The World Health Organisation has recommended the use of anthropometric measurements as birth weight surrogates. However, it has been found that cut-off points for these anthropometric measurements vary across...

Authors: Ikenna K Ndu, Stella N Ibeziako, Egbuna O Obidike, Gilbert N Adimora, Benedict O Edelu, Josephat M Chinawa, Isaac N Asinobi and Nwachinemere D Uleanya

Greater frequency of premature birth when both parents do not acknowledge filiation

No abstract

Authors: Renato Lucchini, Mario De Curtis, Francesco Franco and Domenico Di Lallo

Individualized follow up programme and early discharge in term neonates

Early discharge of mother/neonate dyad has become a common practice, and its effects are measured by readmission rates. We evaluated the safety of early discharge followed by an individualized Follow-up progra...

Authors: Maria Pia De Carolis, Carmen Cocca, Elisabetta Valente, Serafina Lacerenza, Serena Antonia Rubortone, Antonio Alberto Zuppa and Costantino Romagnoli

Bi-level CPAP does not change central blood flow in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Current literature provides limited data on the hemodynamic changes that may occur during bi-level continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support in preterm infants. However, the application of a positive ...

Authors: Giulia Aquilano, Silvia Galletti, Arianna Aceti, Francesca Vitali and Giacomo Faldella

Short-term respiratory outcomes in late preterm infants

To evaluate short-term respiratory outcomes in late preterm infants (LPI) compared with those of term infants (TI).

Authors: Miria Natile, Maria Luisa Ventura, Marco Colombo, Davide Bernasconi, Anna Locatelli, Cristina Plevani, Maria Grazia Valsecchi and Paolo Tagliabue

Intrauterine growth pattern and birthweight discordance in twin pregnancies: a retrospective study

Twins, compared to singletons, have an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity, due mainly to a higher prevalence of preterm birth and low birthweight. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is als...

Authors: Giuseppe Puccio, Mario Giuffré, Maria Piccione, Ettore Piro, Valentina Malerba and Giovanni Corsello

Feasibility of transferring intensive cared preterm infants from incubator to open crib at 1600 grams

Ability to maintain a normal body temperature in an open crib is an important physiologic competency generally requested to discharge preterm infants from the hospital. The aim of this study is to assess the f...

Authors: Giovanni Barone, Mirta Corsello, Patrizia Papacci, Francesca Priolo, Costantino Romagnoli and Enrico Zecca

Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of surfactant treatment (Curosurf^®) in respiratory distress syndrome therapy in preterm infants: early treatment compared to late treatment

The best criteria for surfactant treatment in the perinatal period are unknown and this makes it of interest to consider the possible economic implications of lessening the use of more restrictive criteria.

Authors: Carlo Dani, Roberto Ravasio, Leonardo Fioravanti and Maria Circelli

Analysis of nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome among the Chinese Han population

To evaluate the association of NOS1 and NOS3 gene polymorphisms with the risk/severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among preterm infants.

Authors: Wei Shen, Jiang Du, Bin Wang and Qiyi Zeng

Pilot observational study on haemodynamic changes after surfactant administration in preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant treatment reduces respiratory morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Data on its haemodynamic consequences are conflicting. The aim was to characterise the haemodynamic effects of surfactant tr...

Authors: Francesca Vitali, Silvia Galletti, Arianna Aceti, Giulia Aquilano, Marianna Fabi, Anna Balducci and Giacomo Faldella

Epidemiology of Toxoplasma and CMV serology and of GBS colonization in pregnancy and neonatal outcome in a Sicilian population

Aim of our study is to analyze the immunological status in pregnancy for two main TORCH agents, Toxoplasma and Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the results of group B streptococcus (GBS) screening, assessing the ris...

Authors: Giuseppe Puccio, Cinzia Cajozzo, Laura Antonella Canduscio, Lucia Cino, Amelia Romano, Maria Gabriella Schimmenti, Mario Giuffrè and Giovanni Corsello

Efficacy of paracetamol for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates

Inhibitors of the cyclo-oxygenase component of prostaglandin-H₂ synthetase, namely indomethacin and ibuprofen, are commonly used in the treatment of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. These dru...

Authors: Gianluca Terrin, Francesca Conte, Antonella Scipione, Erica Bacchio, Maria Giulia Conti, Rosalia Ferro, Flavia Ventriglia and Mario De Curtis

Italian guidelines for management and treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia of newborn infants ≥ 35 weeks’ gestational age

Hyperbilirubinaemia is one of the most frequent problems in otherwise healthy newborn infants. Early discharge of the healthy newborn infants, particularly those in whom breastfeeding is not fully established,...

Authors: Costantino Romagnoli, Giovanni Barone, Simone Pratesi, Francesco Raimondi, Letizia Capasso, Enrico Zecca and Carlo Dani

Health promotion for children, mothers and families: here’s why we should “think about it before conception”

About 90,000 preterm infants or babies with birth defects are born in Italy every year, nearly 250 per day. These congenital conditions and their outcomes represent the most important burden of disease affecti...

Authors: Carlo Corchia and Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo

Are IgM-enriched immunoglobulins an effective adjuvant in septic VLBW infants?

To investigate the effectiveness of IgM-enriched immunoglobulins (IgM-eIVIG) in reducing short-term mortality of neonates with proven late-onset sepsis.

Authors: Letizia Capasso, Angela Carla Borrelli, Claudia Parrella, Silvia Lama, Teresa Ferrara, Clara Coppola, Maria Rosaria Catania, Vita Dora Iula and Francesco Raimondi

Polymorphic variants of SLCO1B1 in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in China

To evaluate the association between the genetic polymorphism of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1, also known as organic anion transport polypeptide C) and hyperbilirubine...

Authors: Jiebo Liu, Jun Long, Shaofang Zhang, Xiaoyan Fang and Yuyuan Luo

BiliCheck vs JM-103 in identifying neonates not at risk of hyperbilirubinaemia

Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is widely used to predict hyperbilirubinemia by using several devices. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive ability of BiliCheck vs JM-103 in identifying neonates ...

Authors: Costantino Romagnoli, Piero Catenazzi, Giovanni Barone, Lucia Giordano, Riccardo Riccardi, Antonio Alberto Zuppa and Enrico Zecca

Esophageal atresia in newborns: a wide spectrum from the isolated forms to a full VACTERL phenotype?

VATER association was first described in 1972 by Quan and Smith as an acronym which identifies a non-random co-occurrence of Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Tracheoesophageal fistula and/or Esophageal atres...

Authors: Simona La Placa, Mario Giuffrè, Antonella Gangemi, Stefania Di Noto, Federico Matina, Federica Nociforo, Vincenzo Antona, Maria Rita Di Pace, Maria Piccione and Giovanni Corsello

Survey on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Italy

This study aims to investigate the incidence and the relative risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and posterior-ROP (P-ROP): ROP in Zone I and posterior Zone II, as well as to analyze the occurren...

Authors: Cesarina Borroni, Carla Carlevaro, Sabrina Morzenti, Elena De Ponti, Valentina Bozzetti, Vito Console, Salvatore Capobianco and Paolo E Tagliabue

Congenital nystagmus in two infants born from mothers exposed to methadone during pregnancy

Methadone is commonly prescribed as a substitute for illicit opioids. Use of methadone during pregnancy is associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), reduced head circumference as well as a slight inc...

Authors: Francesca Tinelli, Alessandra Gamucci, Roberta Battini and Giovanni Cioni

A neonatal case of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric-coenzyme A lyase deficiency

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria (OMIM 246450) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn of metabolism due to the deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) lyase, an enzyme involved both in t...

Authors: Francesca Santarelli, Michela Cassanello, Ausilia Enea, Francesca Poma, Valentina D'Onofrio, Giovanna Guala, Giangiacomo Garrone, Paola Puccinelli, Ubaldo Caruso, Francesco Porta and Marco Spada

How to feed small for gestational age newborns

Feeding small for gestational age (SGA) newborns is extremely challenging and the neonatologist should be brave and cautious at the same time. Although these babies have a high risk of milk intolerance and nec...

Authors: Giovanni Barone, Luca Maggio, Annalisa Saracino, Alessandro Perri, Costantino Romagnoli and Enrico Zecca

Intrauterine growth restriction and congenital malformations: a retrospective epidemiological study

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) birth have been considered possible indicators of the presence of malformations. The aim of this study is to evaluate such relationshi...

Authors: Giuseppe Puccio, Mario Giuffré, Maria Piccione, Ettore Piro, Grazia Rinaudo and Giovanni Corsello

Temporal and geographical trends in infant, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in Italy between 1991 and 2009

Infant mortality is a key indicator of child and population health. The aim of this study is to analyse the trends in infant mortality rates (IMRs) and their components (neonatal mortality rates-NMRs and post-...

Authors: Laura Dallolio, Jacopo Lenzi and Maria Pia Fantini

The effect of IVF pregnancies on mortality and morbidity in tertiary unit

There are several studies that have shown an increased risk of premature birth and developmental abnormalities with in vitro fertilization (IVF); however, the data on preterm mortality and morbidity are limited.

Authors: Gülcan Turker, Emek Doger, Ayşe Engin Arısoy, Ayla Günlemez and Ayşe Sevim Gökalp

Risk factors associated with birth defects at a tertiary care center in Pakistan

Birth defects are defined as those conditions that are substantially determined before or during birth and which are recognizable in early life. They are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infant...

Authors: Mohammad Zeeshan Raza, Asfandyar Sheikh, Syed Salman Ahmed, Sajid Ali and Syed Mumtaz Ali Naqvi

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis: prenatal diagnosis and prescrotal approach

Neonatal testicular tumors are rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of newborn scrotal masses. Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) accounts for about 5% of all prepubertal testis tumors...

Authors: Anna Lavinia Bulotta, Francesco Molinaro, Rossella Angotti, Francesco Ferrara, Giovanni Di Maggio, Edoardo Bindi and Mario Messina

Sudden unexpected infant death (SUDI) in a newborn due to medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency with an unusual severe genotype

Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD) is the most common inborn error of fatty acid oxidation. This condition may lead to cellular energy shortage and cause severe clinical events such as hypok...

Authors: Cristina Lovera, Francesco Porta, Anna Caciotti, Serena Catarzi, Michela Cassanello, Ubaldo Caruso, Maria Rita Gallina, Amelia Morrone and Marco Spada

Thyroid functions of neonates with Down syndrome

We aimed to evaluate thyroid functions and volumes and detect abnormalities in 80 neonates with Down syndrome.

Authors: Dilek Sarici, Mustafa Ali Akin, Selim Kurtoglu, Tamer Gunes, Mehmet Adnan Ozturk and Mustafa Akcakus

Electrocardiographic and enzymatic correlations with outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Perinatal asphyxia leading to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common problem causing multi organ dysfunction including myocardial involvement which can affect the outcome.

Authors: Jyoti Agrawal, Gauri S Shah, Prakash Poudel, Nirmal Baral, Ajay Agrawal and Om P Mishra

Mandibular distraction in neonates: indications, technique, results

The Pierre Robin Sequence features were first described by Robin in 1923 and include micrognathia, glossoptosis and respiratory distress with an incidence estimated as 1:8,500 to 1:20,000 newborns. Upper airwa...

Authors: Enrico Sesenna, Alice S Magri, Cinzia Magnani, Bruno C Brevi and Marilena L Anghinoni

Meconium obstruction in absence of cystic fibrosis in low birth weight infants: an emerging challenge from increasing survival

Meconium abnormalities are characterized by a wide spectrum of severity, from the meconium plug syndrome to the complicated meconium ileus associated with cystic fibrosis. Meconium Related Ileus in absence of ...

Authors: Valentina Filomena Paradiso, Vito Briganti, Lucia Oriolo, Riccardo Coletta and Alessandro Calisti

Intrauterine growth retardation - small events, big consequences

Intrauterine growth retardation refers to a rate of growth of a fetus that is less than normal for the growth potential of a fetus (for that particular gestational age). As one of the leading causes of perinat...

Authors: Taimur Saleem, Nida Sajjad, Sanna Fatima, Nida Habib, Syed R Ali and Maqbool Qadir

Bacterial isolates of early-onset neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern between 1998 and 2004: an audit from a center in India

Epidemiology and surveillance of neonatal sepsis helps in implementation of rational empirical antibiotic strategy.

Authors: Ramesh Bhat Y, Leslie Edward S Lewis and Vandana KE

Storage and use of residual newborn screening dot blood samples in Italy

Authors: Carlo Petrini, Antonella Olivieri, Carlo Corbetta, Roberto Cerone, Giuliano D'Agnolo and Adriano Bompiani