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Allergology and Immunology

This section considers studies regarding the epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control of allergic and immunologic diseases in children and adolescents.

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  1. Severe asthma has a substantial epidemiological impact on children and biological treatments can be an option to take into account, as they target specific molecules and pathways involved in its pathogenesis. ...

    Authors: Mattia Giovannini, Francesca Mori, Simona Barni, Maurizio de Martino and Elio Novembre
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:151
    Content type: Review Published on:

  2. Hexavalent vaccines, protecting against six diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis [DTaP], poliovirus, hepatitis B virus [HBV], and Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib], are routinely the standard of care in Eur...

    Authors: E. Chiappini, C. Petrolini, C. Caffarelli, M. Calvani, F. Cardinale, M. Duse, A. Licari, S. Manti, A. Martelli, D. Minasi, M. Miraglia Del Giudice, GB. Pajno, C. Pietrasanta, L. Pugni, MA. Tosca, F. Mosca…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:145
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. Familial Mediterranean Fever is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease, secondary to mutation of MEFV gene, and typically expressed with recurrent attacks of fever, serositis, rash, aphthous changes in lips and/...

    Authors: Maria Cristina Maggio, Carmelo Fabiano and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:129
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. Familial Mediterranean Fever is an autoinflammatory disease typically expressed with recurrent attacks of fever, serositis, aphthous stomatitis, rash. Only a few reports describe the association with hepatic i...

    Authors: Maria Cristina Maggio, Maria Castiglia and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:121
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. Tryptophan metabolic pathway is involved in pathogenic mechanisms of asthma. This study aimed to evaluate tryptophan metabolites and neopterin in a group of asthmatic children. Tryptophan metabolites and neopt...

    Authors: Amelia Licari, Dietmar Fuchs, Gianluigi Marseglia and Giorgio Ciprandi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:114
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  7. Vaccination represents one of the most effective means of preventing infections for the population and for the public health in general. Recently there has been a decline in vaccinations, also among healthcare...

    Authors: Carlotta Tomboloni, Chiara Tersigni, Maurizio de Martino, Donata Dini, José Rafael González-López, Filippo Festini, Stella Neri and Daniele Ciofi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:104
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. The therapeutic strategy for children with cow’s milk allergy (CMA) consists in the elimination of cow’s milk (CM) from their diet. Donkey’s milk (DM) has been reported to be an adequate alternative, mainly to...

    Authors: Lucrezia Sarti, Mina Martini, Giovanni Brajon, Simona Barni, Federica Salari, Iolanda Altomonte, Giuseppe Ragona, Francesca Mori, Neri Pucci, Giada Muscas, Fina Belli, Franco Corrias and Elio Novembre
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:102
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The aim of this guidance is to provide recommendations to clinicians and other interested parties on chronic urticaria in children. The Italian Society for Pediatrics (SIP), the Italian Society for Allergy and...

    Authors: Carlo Caffarelli, Francesco Paravati, Maya El Hachem, Marzia Duse, Marcello Bergamini, Giovanni Simeone, Massimo Barbagallo, Roberto Bernardini, Paolo Bottau, Filomena Bugliaro, Silvia Caimmi, Fernanda Chiera, Giuseppe Crisafulli, Cristiana De Ranieri, Dora Di Mauro, Andrea Diociaiuti…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:101
    Content type: Review Published on:

  10. To investigate the relationship between symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergic rhinitis (AR) in AR children of different genders and ages.

    Authors: Keyang Chen, Xiuxiu Zheng, Ziyue Li, Haijie Xiang, Bobei Chen and Hui Zhang
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:99
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Lertal®, an oral nutraceutical, contains extract of Perilla, quercetin, and Vitamin D3. The current polycentric, randomized, parallel-group, controlled study aimed in the Phase II to evaluate the efficacy and ...

    Authors: Gianluigi Marseglia, Amelia Licari, Salvatore Leonardi, Maria Papale, Anna Maria Zicari, Laura Schiavi and Giorgio Ciprandi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:84
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe disease with a prevalence of < 1 case out of 10,000 in Europe, which occurs mainly in pediatric age and is characterized by a severe and often bilateral chronic in...

    Authors: A. M. Zicari, G. Capata, M. Nebbioso, G. De Castro, F. Midulla, L. Leonardi, L. Loffredo, A. Spalice, L. Perri and M. Duse
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:64
    Content type: Review Published on:

  13. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Recent studies demonstrated that the incidence of severe or fatal M. pneumoniae was gradually in...

    Authors: Qing-ling Li, Yin-yin Wu, Hui-ming Sun, Wen-jing Gu, Xin-xing Zhang, Mei-juan Wang, Yong-dong Yan, Chuang-li Hao, Wei Ji and Zheng-rong Chen
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. To report the clinical features of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were also discussed.

    Authors: Ji Li, Jing-Jing Jiang, Chang-Yan Wang, Shan Jian, Yu Zhou, Ming-Sheng Ma, Xiao-Yan Tang, Lin Wang, Mei-Ying Quan, Yu Zhang, Juan Xiao, Yan-Yan He and Hong-Mei Song
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that is very common among youth worldwide. The burden of this illness is very high not only considering financial costs but also on emotional and social functioning. Gu...

    Authors: Antonietta Cappuccio, Filomena Bugliaro, Silvia Maria Elena Caimmi, Valeria Caldarelli, Lucia Caminiti, Enza D’Auria, Emanuela di Palmo, Marzia Duse, Alessandro Giovanni Fiocchi, Francesco Gesualdo, Ahmad Kantar, Enrico Lombardi, Anna Lucania, Margherita Marchiani, Maria Giulia Marini, Gianluigi Marseglia…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Clinically, asthma in children under 5 years old is under estimated because lack of diagnostic criteria. The current study was, therefore, designed to identify the predicting factors for recurrent wheezing in ...

    Authors: Jia Zhai, Yingxue Zou, Jie Liu, Xingnan Jin, Cuian Ma, Jiao Li, Run Guo and Bing Huang
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Asthma and rhino-conjunctivitis are common chronic diseases in childhood. In this cross-sectional study, we performed a gene association analysis with current asthma and rhino-conjunctivitis in a cohort of Sic...

    Authors: Gianluca Sottile, Giuliana Ferrante, Marta Torregrossa, Fabio Cibella, Giovanna Cilluffo, Salvatore Fasola, Riccardo Alessandro, Gregorio Seidita, Giovanni Viegi and Stefania La Grutta
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:16
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  18. Currently, severe allergic asthma and food allergy in children represent an important public health problem with medical, psychosocial and economic impacts. Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibo...

    Authors: Giuseppe Crisafulli, Lucia Caminiti, Fernanda Chiera, Stefania Arasi, Giuseppina Salzano, Ilenia Panasiti, Andrea Barbalace and Giovanni Battista Pajno
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) in childhood are mainly caused by betalactam or non-betalactam antibiotics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Laboratory tests for identifying children ...

    Authors: Carlo Caffarelli, Fabrizio Franceschini, Davide Caimmi, Francesca Mori, Lucia Diaferio, Dora Di Mauro, Carla Mastrorilli, Stefania Arasi, Simona Barni, Paolo Bottau, Silvia Caimmi, Fabio Cardinale, Pasquale Comberiati, Giuseppe Crisafulli, Lucia Liotti, Umberto Pelosi…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:147
    Content type: Review Published on:

  20. Corticosteroids are widely used for the treatment of allergic reactions but paradoxically themselves may induce acute, delayed, local or systemic allergic reactions and even anaphylaxis with Kounis syndrome. T...

    Authors: Nicholas G. Kounis, Ioanna Koniari, George D. Soufras and Emmanouil Chourdakis
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:143
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

    The Letter to the Editor to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:5

  22. Viral respiratory infections may promote bacterial super-infection decreasing the host immune response efficiency. However, using a mice model we recently demonstrated that preventive treatment with the bacter...

    Authors: Giovanni A. Rossi, Wolfgang Bessler, Stefania Ballarini and Christian Pasquali
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:112
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. The relation between nasal flow and malocclusion represents a practical concern to pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists, orthodontists, allergists and speech therapists. If naso-respiratory function may influ...

    Authors: Francesca Occasi, Ludovica Perri, Matteo Saccucci, Gabriele Di Carlo, Gaetano Ierardo, Valeria Luzzi, Giovanna De Castro, Giulia Brindisi, Lorenzo Loffredo, Marzia Duse, Antonella Polimeni and Anna Maria Zicari
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:100
    Content type: Review Published on:

  24. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a serious life-treating condition characterized by skin eruption, fever, haematologic abnormalities, and multi-organ involvement that c...

    Authors: Massimo Luca Castellazzi, Susanna Esposito, Laura Elisabetta Claut, Valeria Daccò and Carla Colombo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:93
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only currently available immune-modifying and aetiological treatment for patients suffering from IgE-mediated diseases. In childhood, it represents a suitable therapeutic op...

    Authors: Stefania Arasi, Giovanni Corsello, Alberto Villani and Giovanni Battista Pajno
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:80
    Content type: Review Published on:

  26. The relationship between the timing of introduction of complementary foods and later allergy is a topic of current discussion. Although the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrit...

    Authors: Elvira Verduci, Annamaria Bianchi, Marta Brambilla and Mauro Calvani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:77
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  27. The impact of proper aspiration of nasal secretions during upper respiratory infection on the frequency and severity of symptoms of lower airways has never been investigated. The study was aimed at testing if ...

    Authors: Antonio Pizzulli, Serena Perna, Anja Bennewiz, Holger Roeblitz, Salvatore Tripodi, Jakob Florack, Petra Wagner, Stephanie Hofmaier and Paolo Maria Matricardi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:68
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:78

  28. FPIES (Food Protein Induced Eneterolitis Syndrome) is a rare non IgE- mediated food allergy, usually affecting infants and children after first months of life. Clinical presentation is heterogeneous, usually c...

    Authors: Antonella Peduto, Mario Rocca, Cinzia De Maio, Federica Gallarotti, Giulia Pomero and Paolo Gancia
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:52
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Acute asthma attack is a frequent condition in children. It is one of the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visit and hospitalization. Appropriate care is fundamental, considering both the high...

    Authors: Luciana Indinnimeo, Elena Chiappini and Michele Miraglia del Giudice
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:46
    Content type: Review Published on:

  31. Prevalence of allergy has steeply increased during the past few decades, particularly in high-income countries. The development of atopy could present different characteristics in internationally adopted child...

    Authors: Hyppolite K. Tchidjou, Maria Fenicia Vescio, Jessica Serafinelli, Rosaria Giampaolo, Alessandro Jenkner, Mathurin C. Tadonkeng, Luca Avellis, Alessandro Fiocchi, Patrizio Pezzotti, Giovanni Rezza and Paolo Rossi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2018 44:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Medications with methyl-prednisolone sodium succinate containing lactose, which potentially contains traces of cow’s milk proteins (CMP), could cause allergic reactions or compromise treatment of acute allergi...

    Authors: Federica Porcaro, Maria Giovanna Paglietti, Antonella Diamanti, Francesca Petreschi, Alessandra Schiavino, Valentina Negro, Valentina Pecora, Alessandro Fiocchi and Renato Cutrera
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:104
    Content type: Case report Published on:

    The Letter to the Editor to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2019 45:5

  33. The diagnosis of IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy is often based on anamnesis, and on specific IgE (sIgE) levels and/or Skin Prick Tests (SPT), which have both a good sensitivity but a low specificity, often ca...

    Authors: Barbara Cuomo, Giovanni Cosimo Indirli, Annamaria Bianchi, Stefania Arasi, Davide Caimmi, Arianna Dondi, Stefania La Grutta, Valentina Panetta, Maria Carmen Verga and Mauro Calvani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:93
    Content type: Review Published on:

  34. Upper and lower airways diseases share in part their pathogenic mechanisms and frequently occur simultaneously as “United Airway Disease.” Local treatment with nebulizers delivers anti-symptomatic drugs in eit...

    Authors: Daniela Posa, Antonio Pizzulli, Petra Wagner, Serena Perna, Stephanie Hofmaier, Paolo Maria Matricardi and Susanne Lau
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:89
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The efficacy of low-dose medicine (LDM) in childhood mild/moderate eczema is not known. We conducted a double-blind, two-stage, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, lasting 23 months, to address this...

    Authors: R. Carello, L. Ricottini, V. Miranda, P. Panei, L. Rocchi, R. Arcieri and E. Galli
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Due to the lack of real life clinical and educational studies, “Io e l’Asma” Centre performed this implementation research (IR).

    Authors: Sebastiano Guarnaccia, Gaia Pecorelli, Marina Bianchi, Massimo Cartabia, Gianluigi Casadei, Ada Pluda, Cristina Quecchia, Valeria Gretter and Maurizio Bonati
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides are rare systemic diseases that usually occur in adulthood. They comprise granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener’s), microscopic poly...

    Authors: Marta Calatroni, Elena Oliva, Davide Gianfreda, Gina Gregorini, Marco Allinovi, Giuseppe A. Ramirez, Enrica P. Bozzolo, Sara Monti, Claudia Bracaglia, Giulia Marucci, Monica Bodria, Renato A. Sinico, Federico Pieruzzi, Gabriella Moroni, Serena Pastore, Giacomo Emmi…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:46
    Content type: Review Published on:

  38. The basophil activation test (BAT), has been proposed as a possible assay for the diagnosis of immediate-type allergy to beta-lactams (BLs).

    Authors: Simona Barni, Francesca Mori, Claudia Valleriani, Giusi Mangone, Sergio Testi, Francesca Saretta, Lucrezia Sarti, Neri Pucci, Maurizio de Martino, Chiara Azzari and Elio Novembre
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:42
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  40. Allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma are caused by an IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction. Probiotics may exert anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activity. Thus, this study aimed at investigating wh...

    Authors: Michele Miraglia Del Giudice, Cristiana Indolfi, Michele Capasso, Nunzia Maiello, Fabio Decimo and Giorgio Ciprandi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently recognized as a clinically effective treatment for allergic diseases, with a unique disease-modifying effect. AIT was introduced in clinical practice one cent...

    Authors: Giovanni Battista Pajno, Roberto Bernardini, Diego Peroni, Stefania Arasi, Alberto Martelli, Massimo Landi, Giovanni Passalacqua, Antonella Muraro, Stefania La Grutta, Alessandro Fiocchi, Luciana Indinnimeo, Carlo Caffarelli, Elisabetta Calamelli, Pasquale Comberiati and Marzia Duse
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 43:13
    Content type: Review Published on:

  42. Despite obtaining evidences on association between vitamin D and development of lung in fetus, little is known about vitamin D level and its impact on severity of asthma in children. The present study aimed to...

    Authors: Nasrin Esfandiar, Fariba Alaei, Shahrzad Fallah, Delara Babaie and Niloofar Sedghi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:108
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly diagnosed disease, especially in the western world. Although its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, there is strong evidence that the eosinophilic inflamm...

    Authors: Amelia Licari, Riccardo Castagnoli and Gian Luigi Marseglia
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:96
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. Recently, there has been growing interest in the relationship between allergic and autoimmune diseases. Allergy and autoimmunity can be considered two potential outcomes of dysregulated immunity and analysis o...

    Authors: Gabriella D’Angelo, Lucia Marseglia, Sara Manti, Laura Colavita, Caterina Cuppari, Pietro Impellizzeri, Salvatore Arena, Teresa Arrigo, Carmelo Salpietro and Eloisa Gitto
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:95
    Content type: Review Published on:

  45. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of small and middle size arteries; 15-25 % of untreated patients and 5 % of patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) develop coronary artery...

    Authors: Maria Cristina Maggio, Giovanni Corsello, Eugenia Prinzi and Rolando Cimaz
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:92
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Both haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and acute necrotizing encephalopathy are life-threatening condition. It presents major diagnostic difficulties, since it may have a diversity in clinical picture and wi...

    Authors: Dongling Dai, Feiqiu Wen, Sixi Liu and Shaoming Zhou
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:79
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Hypogammaglobulinemia in early childhood is a common feature characterized by distinct intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to disturbed peripheral blood lymphocyte homeostasis. Detailed flow cytometric imm...

    Authors: Aleksandra Szczawinska-Poplonyk, Katarzyna Tapolska-Jozwiak and Husam Samara
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:71
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. In a cohort of children in Cyprus, we recently reported low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to be associated with asthma. We examined whether genetic polymorphisms that were previously l...

    Authors: Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Panayiotis Kouis, Ourania Kolokotroni, Sonia Youhanna, Savvas C. Savva, Kleanthi Dima, Aikaterini Zerva, Danielle Platt, Nicos Middleton and Pierre Zalloua
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Enuresis Nocturna (EN) is a common disorders in childhood. Although many different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain EN, its etiology is multifactorial. Some reports demons...

    Authors: Emin Ozkaya, Seren Calıs Aydın, Mebrure Yazıcı and Rusen Dundaröz
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multiorgan fibroinflammatory condition with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates containing abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells. The immunopathogenesis of the disease ...

    Authors: Aleksandra Szczawinska-Poplonyk, Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak, Katarzyna Jonczyk-Potoczna and Anna Breborowicz
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2016 42:58
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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